Lesson 8: Monuments associated with patriotic movements in the early 20th century
(Baonghean.vn) During this period, many patriotic scholars from Nghe An actively initiated or responded to patriotic movements following the bourgeois democratic trend. Many relics were formed from that time...
Phan Boi Chau relic and memorial site
Phan Boi Chau, whose old name was Phan Van San, his pen name was Hai Thu, later he took the name Sao Nam and many other pen names. He was born on December 26, 1867 in a poor Confucian family in Dan Nhiem village, now Xuan Hoa commune, Nam Dan district.
In 1964, Phan Boi Chau, together with Nguyen Ham and a number of other comrades, founded the Duy Tan Association, choosing Ky Ngoai Hau Cuong De as the leader, advocating the restoration of independence. In early 1905, he went to Japan and then returned to launch the Dong Du movement (1905 - 1908). After many years of wandering abroad, in 1925, Phan Boi Chau was arrested by the French colonialists in Shanghai (China) and secretly brought back to Hanoi. Under pressure from the people's struggle movement throughout the country, the French colonialists were forced to pardon him and put him under house arrest in Hue for 15 years (1925 - 1940). He died in Hue on October 29, 1940, to the infinite sorrow of the people of the whole country. Phan Boi Chau's cause of national salvation was unsuccessful, but his life of revolutionary activities was a bright star in the sky of the Vietnamese revolution in the early years of the 20th century.
Historical and cultural relics related to the life and career of Phan Boi Chau in Hue are associated with the image of the old man Ben Ngu, including: the thatched house at 53 Phan Boi Chau Street, on Ben Ngu slope, the church, mausoleum and cemetery named after Phan Boi Chau on Quang Te hill, Thuy Xuan commune. The stele house of Au Trieu Le Thi Dan, the mausoleum of Tang Bat Ho, the row of steles of Ky and Va... Especially, in his hometown - Sa Nam town, the Party Committee, government and people of Nam Dan district have restored and rebuilt the old house of Mr. Phan into a memorial area to welcome many domestic and international delegations to visit, commemorate, and express their respect and admiration for a hero who sacrificed himself for the independence and freedom of the country.
Phan Boi Chau memorial site in Sa Nam Town, Nam Dan - Photo: TT
Phan Boi Chau Memorial Site consists of two thatched wooden houses with bamboo panels arranged in an L-shape, facing Southeast and Southwest, built on a large plot of land. The relic garden is planted with fruit trees such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, persimmons, longans, jackfruits, star apples, areca nuts, etc., bearing the mark of Nghe An countryside.
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Besides the two relic houses, there is also an exhibition house built in the west of the relic site, with both traditional and modern architecture. The exhibition content shows 3 main parts (Homeland, family and society; Phan Boi Chau's national salvation career; The homeland and descendants' feelings towards Phan Boi Chau), with hundreds of precious documentary photos, original artifacts and highly artistic scientific documents, recreating the basic features of Phan Boi Chau's life and national salvation career, meeting the aspirations of the masses at home and abroad when visiting and commemorating the famous person.
Every year, on the occasion of the anniversary of Phan Boi Chau's birth (December 26) and death (October 19), the leaders and people of the province and Nam Dan district carefully organize an incense offering ceremony to commemorate the outstanding son of Nghe An who devoted his whole life to the nation.
Dang family temple
The Dang family temple in Thanh Xuan, Thanh Chuong is a relic built during the Nguyen Dynasty (Thanh Thai 8th year). This place has witnessed many descendants of the Dang family grow up and mature, is a place to worship ancestors including famous people and is a place to witness local revolutionary movements.
The typical children of the Dang family are: Dang Nguyen Can (son of Dang Thai Giai), a patriotic scholar in the Dong Du movement, was arrested by the French colonialists and exiled to Con Dao prison (from 1908 - 1921), returned to his hometown and lived for a year before passing away (1922); Dang Thuc Hua (younger brother of Dang Nguyen Can) participated in the Duy Tan Association - one of the first Vietnamese communists in Siam; Dang Quy Hoi (younger brother of Dang Thuc Hua) leader of the Duy Tan Association and the Dong Du movement in Thanh Chuong region, had 3 children: Dang Thai Dau, Dang Thi Hop, Dang Thi Quynh Anh who also went abroad to Siam to work...
Dang family temple and Dang Thai Mai memorial house in Thanh Xuan
(Thanh Chuong) - Photo: Van Phu
At the Dang family temple, leaders such as De Thang (Can Vuong movement), Phan Boi Chau (Dong Du movement) used to come here to discuss the matter of saving the people and the country. In particular, the relic is also a place of worship for Dang Thai Mai (son of Dang Nguyen Can, eldest grandson of Dang Thai Giai), a revolutionary who converted from the Tan Viet patriotic movement to communism, a great scientist, teacher, and cultural figure of the country.
According to the Dang family genealogy in Thanh Xuan and the elders in the area, the relic was formerly located on the top of a hill in Luong Dien village with an area of 5 sao in the Central region. According to the cadastral map of Thanh Xuan commune in 1985, the remaining land of the relic is 1,260m2. The Dang family has lived here for many generations and has turned the hill into a garden with many trees. On this land there were previously buildings: a church, a house, a horizontal house, a gate house... Currently, those items have been fully restored and renovated.
The Dang family temple includes the worshiping hall, the sanctuary, the surrounding wall, the entrance, the gate, and the yard, facing East. In addition to the sacrificial objects, this place also preserves a white silver coin, which is said to have been given to the Dang family by King Ham Nghi. The coin is 6cm in diameter, and both sides have Chinese characters, one side has two lines of words "Thieu Tri thong bao" and "Van the vinh lai" (relying on you for eternity). The other side of the coin has 20 words arranged in a quatrain. This is the coin that King Thieu Tri (1841 - 1847) had minted to reward people who had contributed to the royal court.
Tomb of Dang Thai Than
Dang Thai Than, whose real name was Ngu Hai, Ngu Ong, was from Hai Con village, Nghi Loc district. He was the top candidate in the region, so he was called Dang, a student and comrade of Phan Boi Chau. In 1904, he, along with Phan Boi Chau and a number of other patriots, founded the Duy Tan Association, initiating the Dong Du movement. He was Phan Boi Chau's right-hand man, taking care of the work of the Duy Tan Association from Hue, arranging for people to go abroad. In the year of Mau Than 1908, he was surrounded by the French, not wanting to fall into the hands of the enemy, he committed suicide after shooting dead his henchman Mot Do and destroying all secret documents.
Phan Boi Chau wrote about him: "Dang Quan was a brave and enthusiastic person, with a high moral character. For ten years he was both my teacher and friend" (Prison Book). Huynh Thuc Khang praised him: "He was a man of integrity, calmness, profound knowledge, and courage beyond others; his ability to carry heavy loads on long journeys was not revealed, unless he was a close comrade, no one would know what kind of person he was... Since Ngu Hai died, Mr. Sao Nam was like losing an arm, the connection between inside and outside was broken" (Poetry and Prison Talks).
The tomb and stele of Dang Thai Than (written by Phan Boi Chau) are currently in Nam Thanh commune, Nam Dan district. Previously, the tomb was in the middle of a deserted field, with few people passing by. In recent years, the people of Nam Thanh commune and the Dang family have contributed their efforts and money to build and renovate it to be more spacious and cozy. To visit Dang Thai Than's tomb, visitors no longer have to wade through rice fields like before, but there is now a path down to the tomb, convenient for people and visitors who want to learn about and visit him. However, this is one of the relics associated with the Dong Du movement that has not yet received investment from the State because it has not been classified.
Thanh Thuy