Signs of glomerulonephritis

​(Baonghean.vn) - Glomerulonephritis (GNP) is a disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and small blood vessels in the kidneys. The disease can appear independently or in combination with nephrotic syndrome. The disease is classified into many different types, divided into groups according to severity.

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There are two types of VCT: primary VCT is caused by intrinsic damage to the kidneys, while secondary VCT is related to certain infectious diseases (bacterial, viral or parasitic), drugs, systemic diseases (lupus erythematosus, vasculitis) or diabetes.

Typical symptoms

Depending on the type of disease and whether it is acute or chronic. Common symptoms may include: dark, foamy urine (due to excess protein); high blood pressure; edema; fatigue, anemia; urinating less than usual.

Signs of glomerulonephritis. Photo: Internet

Disease classification:

Thin glomerular basement membrane disease: Is a dominant genetic disease with clinical manifestations of persistent gross hematuria. The lesion is determined by renal biopsy and electron microscopy, showing that the glomerular basement membrane is thinner than normal.

Slowly progressive glomerulonephritis: Minimally invasive glomerulonephritis: This type of disease accounts for 80% of nephrotic syndrome in children, but only 20% of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Fortunately, this type of disease responds relatively well to treatment.

Focal, segmental glomerulosclerosis, also known as focal glomerulonephritis: Can be primary or secondary in diseases such as retrograde nephritis (due to urinary tract infection), Alport syndrome (glomerulonephritis, hearing and vision damage), heroin abuse, HIV. The disease manifests as a nephrotic syndrome with varying degrees of renal failure, with sclerosis occurring only in certain locations. The damage progresses slowly leading to renal failure.

Membranous glomerulonephritis: This is a common disease in adults. Clinical manifestations are a combination of symptoms of both glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Usually idiopathic but can also be associated with diseases such as hepatitis, malaria, lung and intestinal cancer, lupus erythematosus. 1/3 of patients progress to end-stage renal failure.

Some other diseases that cause kidney damage: High blood pressure, diabetic kidney disease. Early symptoms are microalbuminuria. Therefore, urine testing to detect the disease early is very important. The progression is often slow and depends on the treatment of the cause of the disease.

Rapidly progressive glomerular disease: Histologically, this group of diseases is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of cells in the glomeruli. The process of renal failure leading to end-stage renal disease also occurs rapidly over a period of weeks to months depending on the type.

IgA nephropathy: This is the leading cause of glomerulonephritis in adults, more common in men than in women. This disease is characterized by the frequent presence of red blood cells in the urine. Symptoms usually appear within 24 - 48 hours after a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection. Direct damage to the glomeruli is due to the deposition of IgA on the basement membrane.

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis: Can occur with many types of infections, but the most common cause is after group D streptococcal infection, especially Streptoccocus pyogenes. The disease appears about 10 - 14 days after respiratory infections, skin infections. Diagnosis is based on a history of previous streptococcal infection. Streptococcal serological tests are useful to provide additional evidence.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis: The disease can be primary or secondary to lupus erythematosus, viral hepatitis. It is found that the glomeruli have abnormal cell proliferation in the basement membrane, capillaries and mesangium. It is manifested by nephrotic - nephritis condition and progression to end-stage renal failure is inevitable.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: This form of the disease has a poor prognosis. The disease progresses rapidly to end-stage renal failure within weeks.

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