Early signs and prevention of Japanese encephalitis.
(Baonghean.vn) - Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute viral infection that damages the central nervous system, commonly affecting children under 15 years old. The disease has a high mortality rate, and sequelae can cause paralysis and brain damage.
Reason
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| The disease is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. |
The cause of the disease is a virus called the Japanese Encephalitis virus.
The disease is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. Culex mosquitoes feed on the blood of infected animals (birds, including some species that eat lychee and longan fruits such as cuckoos and warblers; and some livestock, most importantly domestic pigs), and then bite humans, transmitting the disease.
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| The mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus breeds vigorously in the summer. |
In Vietnam, the mosquito species Culex tritaeniorhynchus breeds vigorously during the summer months (from March to July) and is most active at dusk. This mosquito species has a high density in the plains and midland areas.
Symptoms of Japanese encephalitis
After an incubation period of 5 to 15 days, the disease will manifest in 3 stages:
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| Patients experience a sudden onset of fever, often accompanied by chills, fatigue, headache, nausea, and vomiting. |
Onset phase:The illness lasts from 1 to 6 days. Patients experience a sudden onset of fever, often accompanied by chills, fatigue, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
Full-blown stage:Continued high fever of 38°C-40°C, prolonged; signs of meningitis (headache, stiff neck, vomiting and nausea, constipation); signs of altered consciousness (agitation or lethargy, dullness, possibly coma); signs of focal central nervous system damage (convulsions, spontaneous tremors in the fingers, tongue, eyelids or whole body, spastic paralysis); accompanied by autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Mortality rates range from 0.3% to 60%, depending on early or late detection, the level of resuscitation techniques used to treat cerebral edema, respiratory failure, cardiovascular collapse, and bacterial superinfection.
Recovery phase:If they survive, patients can make a full recovery. Some severe cases may leave sequelae such as spastic paralysis of the upper or lower limbs, facial paralysis, and/or mental disorders, emotional instability, personality changes, and intellectual disability.
Method pJapanese encephalitis prevention
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| Children aged 1 to 5 years old are vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis as part of the expanded immunization program. |
Vaccination is the most effective, safe, and cost-effective way to prevent disease.
Kill mosquitoes and prevent mosquito bites.
Households need to keep livestock pens clean and well-ventilated, and build livestock areas far away from their homes.
People should keep their homes clean and well-ventilated, and spray insecticide to kill mosquitoes and mosquito larvae.
Dress your child in long-sleeved clothing and have them sleep under a mosquito net. You can also use some types of topical creams for children; these are effective and safe in repelling mosquitoes.
Who should get the Japanese encephalitis vaccine? People living in areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic, especially children aged 1 to 15 years old. Tourists, migrant workers, and immigrants from areas without immunity who stay for more than one month in rural areas and more than 12 months in cities where Japanese encephalitis is endemic. When should children be vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis? Divide into 2 groups: For children under 5 years oldThe basic vaccination schedule of the Expanded Immunization Program is as follows: Dose 1: when the child is 1 year old; Dose 2: 1 to 2 weeks after dose 1; Dose 3: one year after dose 2. After that, a booster shot should be given every 3-4 years until the child is over 15 years old. For children over 5 years oldIf you have never been vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis, you should still get the basic 3-dose regimen as follows: Dose 1: as soon as possible; Dose 2: 1 to 2 weeks after dose 1; Dose 3: one year after dose 2. After that, a booster shot should be given every 3-4 years until the child is over 15 years old. Cases where Japanese encephalitis vaccination should be avoided or postponed. Not suitable for children under 12 months old and pregnant women. People who have a high fever or an ongoing bacterial infection. People with severe heart, liver, or kidney disease, diabetes, leukemia, and other malignancies. Individuals with hypersensitivity to Thiomersal or to mouse brain preparations, or those who have had an allergic reaction to a previous Japanese encephalitis vaccine injection, should not be vaccinated. People infected with HIV have developed AIDS. |
Hoa Le
(Synthetic)
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