Playing pickleball three times a week can lead to greater happiness, according to research.
Saint Louis University surveyed over 1,600 players: playing Pickleball at least three times a week, with each session lasting over two hours, was associated with higher WHO-5 scores and reduced stress.
Three pickleball sessions a week may be the "right dose" for mental health. Research published by Saint Louis University in the journal Frontiers in Sports Science shows that pickleball players who play at least three times a week score higher WHO-5 points and feel more relaxed and satisfied compared to those who play only once or twice.
Key takeaway: Frequency and duration make all the difference.
Based on a survey of over 1,600 pickleball players in the US, aged 18-89 (mostly middle-aged and older), the authors noted:
- Playing at least three times a week is associated with significantly higher WHO-5 mental health scores compared to playing once or twice a week.
- Sessions lasting over two hours are associated with significantly higher levels of satisfaction and relaxation.
The report emphasizes: "Playing pickleball more frequently and for longer periods of time significantly improves mental health, regardless of age, gender, or level of athletic activity." The research team uses an analogy: "Just like in medicine, when you use the right dosage, the effect is stronger, and in this case, the main dose is pickleball."
Why does Pickleball have a positive effect?
Pickleball is more than just a physical activity; it's highly social: players interact, chat, and connect throughout the game. This communal element helps relieve stress, increase a sense of belonging, and provide emotional support.
The sport is also easily accessible: a moderate pace, simple rules, and a much lower risk of injury compared to tennis. As a result, beginners or older adults can maintain a regular exercise routine—a foundation for lasting positive emotions.
Research methodology: WHO-5 as a benchmark
Instead of relying solely on subjective feelings, the authors used the WHO-5 — a mental health index recognized by the World Health Organization — to quantify levels of happiness. Data collected from players of various ages allowed for comparisons between groups based on frequency and duration of training.
The results were consistent: as frequency and duration increased, the WHO-5 score also increased. The study confirmed a direct link between Pickleball "dosage" and positive emotional states.
Practical significance for players
- Frequency: at least 3 times/week to optimize mental benefits, according to research results.
- Duration: Sessions longer than 2 hours are associated with higher levels of relaxation and satisfaction.
- Environment: prioritizing spaces for communication and interaction — a fundamental strength of the Pickleball.
In the context of modern life, marked by stress and isolation, new data reinforces a simple message: happiness can come from moderate exercise, connection on the court, and regularity. For Pickleball, the “right dose” is regularity and sufficient playing time—as the Saint Louis University study has shown.
