The harmful effects of food additives on children's health.
Children face numerous health risks from exposure to certain food additives and chemicals used in packaging materials, according to a recent statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Parents are advised to reduce processed and packaged foods in their children's diets and increase the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables.
The report, titled "Food Additives and Children's Health," was published in the journal Pediatrics on July 23.
Dr. Leonardo Trasande, a member of the AAP's Environmental Health Council, said: "As pediatricians, we are particularly concerned about the significant gaps in data on the health effects of many of these chemicals on children."
The authors hope the report will spur better management of harmful additives. Until then, Dr. Trasande recommends reducing consumption of canned foods, avoiding plastic in microwaves, and increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables instead of highly processed foods.
Below are four of the common chemicals listed by the authors in the report, including the potential harm they can cause to children's health.
1. Artificial food coloring
The report cites studies that found a link between food coloring and increased hyperactivity in some children. After removing synthetic food coloring from their diets, these groups of children showed a reduction in symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
2. BPA and other bisphenols
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a substance used to harden plastic packaging and as a coating in metal cans/containers. While the FDA prohibits its use in sippy cups and baby bottles, there are no restrictions on other products.
Although some studies suggest that adults can tolerate bisphenol, it may be more harmful to children and infants because their bodies are still developing. Some of the risks mentioned in the report include changes during puberty, increased body fat, reduced fertility, etc.
3. Phthalates
Phthalates, commonly used in plastic packaging and some other forms of packaging, have been linked to health problems in children such as a higher risk of asthma, high blood pressure, obesity, and many other diseases.
The report's authors strongly advise parents against microwaving foods or drinks (including infant formula for children under 1 year old and expressed breast milk) in plastic containers, as this can cause phthalates and BPA to leach into the food.
4. Nitrates and nitrites
These additives are used to preserve and enhance the color of foods such as processed meats. Reports indicate that nitrates and nitrites can interfere with thyroid hormone production and may even lead to increased production of carcinogenic compounds in some cases.
Perfluoroalkyl compounds, used in food packaging, have also been noted for their harmful effects on the thyroid system.
Dr. Trasande said: “Even at a basic level, we understand that thyroid hormones are important not only for brain development but also for heart function, bone function, and muscle function. In fact, every organ system is catalyzed by the endocrine function of the thyroid gland.”
