We often hear about the era of technology 4.0 and society 4.0. However, perhaps we will gradually become familiar with and frequently use the phrases: the era of technology 5.0, society 5.0. One of the proofs for this is the publication of the book: "Relationship 5.0 - How artificial intelligence, virtual reality and robots will reshape human emotional life" by author Elyakim Kislev. The book was translated and published in 2023 in Vietnam. From Elyakim Kislev's perspective, we have in fact entered society 5.0. More specifically, we are in the early stages of society 5.0 and the time we are living is a time of intersection and interweaving between society 4.0 and society 5.0.
• 12/07/2024
From Society 1.0 to Society 4.0
Based on the technological advancement from history to the present, through the publication “Relationship 5.0 - How Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality and Robots Will Reshape Human Emotional Life”, Elyakim Kislev argues that the history of human society has gone through 5 stages. The first stage, or society 1.0, is a hunting and gathering society. Society 1.0 is built on the foundation of hunting and gathering technology. The second stage in human history is an agricultural society, or society 2.0. Farming technology shapes society 2.0. The third stage in human development is an industrial society, or society 3.0. Society 3.0 is built on many technologies such as steam engines, electricity and manufacturing processes. The fourth stage of human history is society 4.0. The key technologies shaping society 4.0 are computers, the internet and wireless phones.
Book: “Relationship 5.0 - How Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality and Robots Will Reshape Human Emotional Life” by author Elyakim Kislev.
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Breakthrough technologies (computers, the Internet, and wireless phones) in the information age have laid the foundation for hyperconnectivity among individuals, social groups, and nations around the world.
Elyakim Kislev believes that society 4.0, or the information age, began around the middle of the 20th century until around 2010. Humanity entered the information age after World War II, when scientists began to pay special attention to “storing, extracting, controlling, transmitting and receiving information in digital form”. These technologies have helped humanity make great strides in communication methods and ways of producing goods and services. If in industrial society, society 3.0, people mainly relied on mechanical means, then in information society, society 4.0, humanity has relied mainly on digital technology.
In general, in the past decades we have witnessed and experienced many technological breakthroughs that have created society 4.0; but the three key achievements of innovation that have shaped this type of society are computers, the internet and wireless phones. These breakthrough technologies in the information age have laid the foundation for hyper-connectivity between individuals, social groups and countries around the world. These technological breakthroughs have also increased the globalization process to an unprecedented level, and in that context, countries are becoming more globalized, more diverse and more multicultural. At the same time, in the context of a highly globalized and information society, many companies have become multinational companies, knowledge plays a leading role in the economy, and the service sector has brought more value than the manufacturing sector.
These technological breakthroughs also increased globalization to an unprecedented level. Illustration photo
Three revolutions make up society 5.0: cognitive revolution, sensory revolution, physical revolution
After the information society, Elyakim Kislev argues that humanity will enter the 5.0 society - technology. Society 5.0 is based on the remarkable progress of artificial intelligence (AI), extended reality (XR) and social robotics. Elyakim Kislev emphasizes that society 5.0 is built on the basis of 3 revolutions: Cognitive revolution, sensory revolution, physical revolution, specifically as follows.
Cognitive Revolutionbased on the development of artificial intelligence. It is the creation of “human-like brains in machines”, that is, machines with human-like brains, intelligent machines like humans. To create machines with intelligent brains like humans, scientists rely on three basic methods. First, the neural network method helps create “artificial intelligence neural networks that mimic the sophisticated arrangement of the multi-tasking nervous system in the human brain by instructing the computer to process many units of information at the same time”. Second, the deep learning method is a way to “use electro-biological and optical techniques to study the recordings of visual processing in a cell in the mammalian brain”. Third, the reinforcement learning method helps create “reinforcement models that identify cause and effect and then combine them through neuroscience-based processes”.
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Elyakim Kislev emphasized that humanity still has a long way to go to have machines with artificial intelligence like humans, but in the future machines with artificial intelligence will be like a new "species" in human society that humans need to prepare themselves to accept.
Although currently, all three of these methods have not helped scientists create machines with artificial intelligence that “can think and react like humans”; but in fact, machines based on artificial intelligence technology can do many activities better than humans, even in complex fields such as disease diagnosis or surgery. Therefore, Elyakim Kislev emphasized that to have machines with artificial intelligence like humans, humanity still has a long way to go, but in the future, machines with artificial intelligence will be like a new “species” in human society that humans need to prepare to accept.
The question is whether AI machines will form relationships with humans in the same way that humans do with humans. Today, advances in AI have led to chatbots that can converse with humans in much the same way that humans converse with humans. This is the basis for moving toward a stage where humans can have feelings for AI machines; human emotions are understood by AI machines; and AI machines can have feelings for humans. Of course, technology needs to advance further before humans can create AI machines that satisfy human needs for closeness, empathy, and understanding; but progress in this direction is happening at a rapid pace. Therefore, Elyakim Kislev raises the question: “Can humans find similarity and empathy with chatbots and then develop feelings for them to the point of building comprehensive and complete relationships with them?”
Vietnam's first artificial intelligence robot named Tri Nhan. Photo: Document
Based on social surveys, Elyakim Kislev said that many people think that this is unhealthy and many people refuse to establish relationships with AI machines. However, Elyakim Kislev also said that many people, especially young people, tend to be open to the possibility of making friends with AI machines; and they tend to move towards relationships with AI machines. Elyakim Kislev predicts that in the future, as AI capabilities develop and AI becomes more sophisticated, interactions between AI and humans will become more natural; AI will participate more in personal life; society will increasingly accept AI and the cognitive revolution can change people's emotional life.
The Second RevolutionContributing to the creation of society 5.0 according to Elyakim Kislev is the sensory revolution. The sensory revolution is based on the development of extended reality technology (Extended Reality - XR). Extended reality technology includes 3 specific technologies as follows.
The first,is virtual reality (VR) technology. This is a technology that helps create a completely artificial environment. That is, a virtual environment. This technology is used by the user wearing a headset to "enter" a completely unreal world - a virtual world created by technology. In this virtual world, the user can see, hear and interact with the characters in it.
Photo: Document
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In this virtual world (Virtual Reality - VR), users can see, hear and interact with the characters in it.
Monday,Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that "augments" the real world by using the real world environment and placing virtual information on top of that real world environment. This technology helps create virtual images that appear in the real world when viewed through a camera, enhancing the real world through many digital elements such as images, text, animations.
Tuesday,is Mixed Reality (MR) technology. This is a technology that makes virtual objects integrated into the real world. In other words, this technology brings about the blending of real-world objects with virtual objects. As a result, in mixed reality, digitally generated virtual objects and real-world objects can exist together and interact with each other in real time.
Extended reality technology includes or combines virtual reality technology, augmented reality technology, and mixed reality technology. This technology allows users to "embody" a virtual environment, interact with virtual objects in the real world; helps enhance all the senses, providing additional information about the real world; or create completely virtual worlds for users to experience in that virtual world.
Hue Heritage is introduced using mixed reality technology MR, bringing an impressive, simple and more accessible experience to the public. Photo: xaydung.vn
Thus, with augmented reality technology, users can “live in” a world called “active virtual reality” through technological devices. In this world, users can transform into characters in it, or “digitally embody” characters in it to build a life in this virtual world. In it, “residents of the virtual world can get to know each other, date, have sex, fall in love, get married and build their own families...”. This raises a very important issue that Elyakim Kislev is interested in, which is: People “can develop online relationships” with characters in the virtual world as deep as the relationships between people in real life.
The third revolution is the physical revolution.. Elyakim Kislev emphasizes that the physical revolution is based on the development of social robotics. We are witnessing the rapid development of increasingly intelligent robots in many different fields. Overall, Elyakim Kislev classifies robots into two groups. The first group is robots that provide technical support and the second group is robots that perform emotional functions. Robots that perform emotional functions “are often designed with human appearance”. This is the field called social robotics. The question is when humans will be able to create robots that are human-like so that humans can build full relationships with robots. In fact, with the development of technology, it is increasingly possible for humans to create robots that are like humans, with intellectual and emotional functions.
Sophia - the world's most humanoid robot. This robot is designed to simulate social behavior, inspired by love and compassion in humans. Photo: Document
Robots are increasingly gaining the physical capabilities to perform a wide range of tasks, from “simple housekeeping to cuddling and even sex.” Elyakim Kislev also mentions the possibility that at some point in the future, humans “will have more sexually and emotionally satisfying relationships with robots than with humans”; and even to the point where humans “prefer experiences with robots to experiences with humans.” Although it may be a future possibility, technological developments are giving us reason to think about these possibilities.
Cognitive Revolution, Sensory Revolution, Physical Revolution: Humans and Artificial Entities, the Problem of Humanity and Ethics
The development of artificial intelligence, augmented reality technology, and social robots leads to two big problems.The first big problemt is the dependence of human beings on the world of artificial entities created by humans. Regarding this issue, sociologist Georg Simmel once put forward the thesis about the tragedy of culture when he discussed the dialectical relationship between "objective culture" and "subjective culture". Georg Simmel understood "objective culture" as all products created by humans; while "subjective culture" reflects the individual's ability to create, absorb, and control the elements of objective culture. Georg Simmel believed that the tragedy of culture occurs when objective culture dominates subjective culture. In other words, the tragedy of culture occurs when the individual's will and ability are subordinated to the product of his own creation. With the development of artificial intelligence, augmented reality technology, and social robots, humanity will create a variety of artificial entities, machines with artificial intelligence, social robots with artificial intelligence, that can think, learn, and have emotions. At that time, reality may take place as the world's leading technology billionaire, Elon Musk, commented: "If you are building systems that are more powerful than humans, how can humans maintain power forever over those systems?" Therefore, there is a view that predicts that at some point in the future, robots with super intelligence created by humans can build their own factories to produce a new generation of super intelligent robots. And this process will be repeated over and over again to create increasingly intelligent generations of robots. Many people are also worried that at some point in the future, intelligent robots will revolt against humans. However, contrary to this view, many people believe that it is just a fantasy because "robots can only perceive, but free will is something that humans cannot create in robots". Of course, this is still an open question, but we need to think about it for the sustainable future of humanity.
Robotizing production lines. Photo: Bloomberg
The second big problemWith the development of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and social robots, we see questions being raised about the nature of humanity, about morality and ethics as we see it today. Suppose that at some point in the future, humans will have feelings for machines with artificial intelligence. Suppose that at some point in the future, augmented reality will make it possible for humans to relate and feel the same way to characters in the virtual world created by technology as they do to people in the real world; or even that humans will relate and feel more deeply to characters in the virtual world created by technology than they do to people in the real world. Suppose that at some point in the future, humans have full relationships with robots, that humans have more sexually and emotionally satisfying relationships with robots than with humans, and that they enjoy experiences with robots more than with humans. At that point, in what ways will human nature, the nature of human relationships, be transformed? That is, will humans lose their humanity in their relationships with robots? Will humans tend to treat other people as objects? The answers to these questions will only be in the future, but we can be optimistic, as Elyakim Kislev argues: Relationships with artificial entities “are not necessarily about technological capabilities alone” but “depend on social conventions and public acceptance.” Elyakim Kislev further emphasized: “The factors that make our species unique and have helped us survive throughout history are the ability to evolve and adapt to new conditions”, so we have the right to believe that humans will “find ways to adapt to technology” to enter society 5.0; where humans continue to “develop and flourish”./.
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