5 diseases to watch out for in cold days
(Baonghean.vn) - Cold weather is the time when the body's immune system is weakened, and the dryness makes the body susceptible to water evaporation. One of the organs that evaporates the most water is the nose, throat, mouth and respiratory tract. Therefore, during the cold season, we need to pay attention to the following five diseases.
Rhinitis
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| Rhinitis is when we have a fever, sneeze constantly and have a runny nose. Illustration photo. |
Rhinitis or more precisely rhinitis is a disease in which the mucous membrane system of the nose is inflamed. The most typical manifestations of rhinitis are fever, constant sneezing and runny nose.
Cough is rare in rhinitis. Fever may or may not occur, but in some people fever is quite obvious and reaches a very high temperature. However, the two signs are sneezing and runny nose are always present. The patient may sneeze continuously, sneeze many times, sneeze in series and have a runny nose. The nasal discharge is characterized by being clear and thin. The patient may also have a nasal voice.
Sore throat
Pharyngitis is a condition in which the lining of the throat becomes inflamed, accompanied by painful inflammation of the surrounding lymphatic tissues. These lymphatic tissues are actually clusters of lymph called tonsils.
There are four types of tonsils: the palatine tonsils located on the roof of the pharynx, the tubal tonsils located on both sides of the Eustachian tube, the palatine tonsils located on both sides of the throat, and the lingual tonsils. When the throat is inflamed, in addition to the red and swollen throat mucosa, these tonsil tissues are very susceptible to inflammation. This (pharyngitis) makes the patient feel a sore throat, as if there is fire in the throat.
There is an easily recognizable sign in pharyngitis that is fever. Fever in pharyngitis is very high fever, real fever. The level of fever and the duration of fever depend on the invading pathogen. There is one thing to note, not all pharyngitis is caused by bacteria.
Laryngitis
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| Laryngitis makes us hoarse, hoarse or even lose our voice. Illustration photo |
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the vocal cords. The vocal cords are the organs that produce and produce our voices, and are located in the larynx.
Inflammation of the vocal cords causes hoarseness, dry voice or even loss of voice. This phenomenon is accompanied by fever. Other symptoms may be present such as cough and phlegm but these are not the main signs. They are only signs that other organs are sick.
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the lymphatic tissues in the pharynx. Symptoms include fever, accompanied by painful breathing and painful swallowing. Depending on which tonsils are inflamed, we will have typical symptoms. For example, if the palatine tonsils are inflamed, we will mainly experience difficulty breathing and painful breathing.
This tonsillitis is also called adenoiditis. If the tonsils at the base of the tongue are inflamed, we will mainly have a cough, while if the tonsils on both sides of the throat are inflamed (you can see it clearly when looking in the mirror and opening your mouth), painful swallowing is a typical symptom.
Tonsillitis is a common disease in children. Tonsils are often inflamed and can easily turn into other diseases in the respiratory system.
Bronchitis
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| The main pathogens of bronchitis are viruses and bacteria with equal risk. Illustration photo |
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the airways from the larynx down. The bronchi are the main airways and are the airways that go deep into the lungs. The main pathogens of bronchitis are viruses and bacteria, with equal risk.
Bronchitis is characterized by high fever, cough, phlegm and difficulty breathing. The cough in bronchitis is a real cough, due to the airways having a lot of phlegm. Therefore, patients usually cough a lot in the morning and afternoon, the time when phlegm is secreted the most. The phlegm can be yellow or green, but it is almost always thick phlegm.
In children, there is also a risk of difficulty breathing due to excessive contraction of the airway muscles. Therefore, pay attention to this sign. It is also one of the reasons why children cry and refuse to breastfeed.
Notes to prevent the above 5 diseases
With respiratory diseases, prevention is the key. Because they are characterized by being incurable for life and often recurring. Some of the following tips help us reduce the risk of getting sick.
- Wear warm clothes when going out, wear a mask, hat, and scarf when going out, especially for those who work outdoors. If it is not really necessary, you should not go out early in the morning or late at night because it is colder then.
- When riding a bicycle and especially a motorbike, you should wear a helmet that covers your head, face and chin to avoid colds that can cause upper respiratory tract infections such as rhinitis and pharyngitis. In the house, close all doors, cracks and openings to avoid drafts.
- Eat a balanced diet, eat many food groups, especially foods that help increase resistance such as: green vegetables, fruits rich in vitamin C; foods rich in iron and zinc such as eggs, milk...
- Sleep in a warm, sheltered place. This is very beneficial. Avoid catching a cold and respiratory infections. Do not sleep near doors, windows, or vents.
- Smoking reduces the resistance of the respiratory mucosa. When smoking, the cilia on the surface of bronchial epithelial cells are paralyzed, their movement is disturbed and they cannot push mucus up. Other protective cells such as white blood cells and macrophages also do not function effectively, making us susceptible to infection.
Cigarette smoke not only affects the smoker but also affects those around them if they inhale the smoke, especially children, so do not smoke indoors.
- Alcoholism also reduces the body's resistance. When drinking alcohol, people feel hot, so they often take off their clothes and hats, making them susceptible to colds and bronchial and lung infections. Not to mention cases where people get too drunk and vomit food, while vomiting, they can easily choke on food and gastric juices into the bronchi, causing severe pneumonia.
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