The Soviets were born in Nghe Tinh.

On May 1, 1930, responding to the Party's call, in the spirit of struggle of the people of the whole country, the Central Region Party Committee organized a demonstration of workers and farmers of Nghe An in Vinh with the participation of about 1,200 farmers coming from suburban villages in coordination with hundreds of workers in the inner city.

The demonstrators marched through the city, waving the red hammer and sickle flag, singing the Internationale and shouting slogans demanding tax reduction, salary increase, and shorter working hours... From Vinh, the demonstrators marched to Ben Thuy, aiming to attract more workers there. The colonial government immediately ordered the police and secret police to use force to disperse the demonstration. They shot directly at the crowd, killing 6 people and injuring 18 others. Thus, in the very first struggle in Nghe Tinh, a bloody conflict broke out between the revolutionary masses and the colonial police.

Also on that day, over 100 students of the French-Vietnamese Thanh Chuong Primary School organized a rally and parade to celebrate International Labor Day in the district capital. At the same time, a large demonstration of more than 3,000 farmers from Hanh Lam, La Mac, and Duc Nhuan villages took place to reclaim land that had been confiscated by the French colonialists and confiscated by Nguyen Truong Vien (Ky Vien). Frightened by the strength of the masses' struggle, Ky Vien went into hiding. The group of farmers immediately rushed in and burned down his entire plantation and house. Two days later, the colonial government sent a group of soldiers in green uniforms to Hanh Lam to investigate and "suppress the communist rebellion". More than 1,500 farmers again surrounded the group of soldiers, protesting the repressive measures of the colonial government. The group of soldiers opened fire on the protesters, killing 18 people and injuring 17 others.

The struggles on International Labor Day ended in bloody conflicts, making the atmosphere of struggle of the masses in Nghe Tinh rise up fiercely. The Central Region Party Committee decided to take advantage of that momentum to push the movement to a higher level. The newspaper Nguoi Lao Kho, the propaganda organ of the Central Region Party Committee, published on May 2, 1930, stated: "The struggle in An Nam has reached a decisive day" and called on workers, peasants and people of all walks of life to follow the example of the struggles in Ben Thuy and Thanh Chuong and continue to stand up and fight. During the remaining weeks of May 1930, workers in match factories, sawmills, SIFA company, Truong Thi train repair factory... in Vinh and Ben Thuy continuously went on strike. On June 27, 1930, the Red Union in Vinh organized a general strike of more than 1,000 workers from many factories in Vinh demanding higher wages and shorter working hours.

In order to push the peasant movement to a new level, the Central Region Party Committee decided to send a series of party cadres and red trade union cadres to strengthen the Party and red peasant associations in the districts, mobilizing the masses to rise up and fight. On June 1, 1930, more than 3,000 Thanh Chuong farmers protested again to demand tax deferral, abolishment of the patrol duty, and compensation for those who died and were injured in May...

The protesters marched through the district office, then held a rally at Ro market. Fearing the power of the masses, the Thanh Chuong District Chief had to go to Ro market to receive the petition and promised to submit it to his superiors. The next day, more than 2,000 farmers from Anh Son and Nghi Loc also protested in front of the district office demanding tax deferral, and the district chiefs there had to give in. On June 18, about 600 farmers from Nam Dan protested and then held a rally at Don market. The Nam Dan District Chief tried to flee, but was caught by the people and forced to accept the petition of the masses.

The Central Party Committee and the provincial Party Committees made great efforts to direct local Party, Trade Union and Farmers' Association bases to mobilize the masses, preparing for a new, more fierce struggle. On August 30, 1930, under the leadership of grassroots Party cadres, more than 3,000 Nam Dan farmers protested, organized rallies at many locations, then marched to Sa Nam town to destroy Fontaine wine agency, stormed the district office, burned all files and papers, broke into prisons, and released prisoners. Nam Dan District Chief Le Khac Tuong was forced to meet the masses and sign and stamp the petition with the commitment: "Nam Dan District Chief from now on must not harass the people." After that, the protesters spread to the communes and villages to burn down guard posts, and suppress the local officials and village chiefs.

On September 1, 1930, a huge peasant demonstration broke out in Thanh Chuong district with about 20,000 participants. To stop the demonstration, Thanh Chuong district chief Phan Sy Bang ordered soldiers to shoot at the people, killing one person. Immediately, the crowd rushed up like a broken dam, the district chief and soldiers hurriedly fled. The crowd stormed and occupied the district office, completely burning down the public office and Phan Sy Bang's private residence.

After the protests on August 30 and September 1, the colonial government in Nam Dan and Thanh Chuong districts collapsed or was completely paralyzed. In a special issue on September 6, 1930, Nguoi Lao Kho newspaper reported: "In Thanh Chuong and Nam Dan, no one paid market tax and no one dared to collect it. No one patrolled, no soldiers returned to guard. Imperialism arrested and destroyed, no one enforced it. We pardoned the national criminals, divided the Ky Vien plantation and the land of the landlord class to the poor peasants. We were free to form associations and demonstrate. Thus, the imperialist laws were shattered."

In the situation where the colonial government in rural Nghe An collapsed, despite no prior preparation, the Red Peasant Association Executive Committee in the villages (called Xa Bo Nong) had to take on administrative and self-governing functions in the countryside. This was the moment that marked the birth of the first revolutionary government in Vietnam.

In coordination with the peasant movement, on September 1, 1930, the Red General Union of Vinh City launched a general strike with the participation of thousands of workers in several factories. Leaflets of the Central Region Party Committee and the Nghe An Provincial Party Committee appeared everywhere calling on the people to rise up following the example of the Thanh Chuong and Nam Dan peasants. Like a chain reaction, the strong struggle of the masses completely disintegrated the colonial-feudal grassroots government in most of the districts along the two banks of the Ca River (Anh Son, Do Luong, Nghi Loc, Hung Nguyen), spreading to the highlands (Mon Son, Luc Da in Con Cuong district).

On September 8, 1930, more than 7,000 farmers in Anh Son district protested and marched to the district office to make demands. The French colonialists used planes to bomb the protestors twice, killing 9 people and injuring many others. Soldiers from Do Luong garrison were also ordered to shoot at the protestors, killing several people. The protestors had to disperse, but on the evening of September 10, after holding a memorial service for those killed, the people spread out to punish the canton chief and local village chiefs. The colonial government in villages throughout Anh Son district was paralyzed and disintegrated piece by piece.

In Hung Nguyen district, on September 12, 1930, more than 8,000 farmers gathered under the Party flag, armed themselves with sticks, sickles, shoulder poles, machetes, beating drums, and marching down to occupy Yen Xuan train station, blocking trains, holding rallies and speeches, then marching back to the district capital. When the protesters reached Thai Lao, the French colonialists sent two planes to drop bombs and open fire on the people, and at the same time ordered soldiers to rush out and use weapons to disperse the protests. In the afternoon, when the people came to bury the dead, the French colonialists sent planes to drop bombs again, killing more people, bringing the total number of people killed on September 12 in Hung Nguyen to 217. 125 others were injured, many others were arrested, 277 houses were burned down, and the two villages of Loc Chau and Loc Hai were completely destroyed. This was the most brutally suppressed mass demonstration by French colonialists in their entire colonial history in Asia and Africa.

The more brutally the French colonialists suppressed, the stronger the struggle movement of the people of Nghe An rose. Throughout September and October 1930, the whole province was shaken by dozens of mass meetings and demonstrations every day. From the beginning of September, the mass demonstration movement also spread strongly to Ha Tinh. On September 7, more than 1,000 Can Loc farmers brought sticks, spears, drums, horns, and gongs to protest and attack and occupy the district office, burn all documents, and free political prisoners. The next day, mass demonstrations broke out in all districts in Ha Tinh. Although the movement here broke out later, it was very fierce from the beginning. Everywhere, people protested, occupied district capitals, punished local officials, and drove out soldiers. Within just a few weeks, the colonial-feudal government in rural Ha Tinh seemed to have completely collapsed.

Cong Luan newspaper described the situation in Nghe Tinh at the end of September 1930 as follows: "In the villages, the village chiefs and canton chiefs no longer had any power, no control over their lives and property." In a report sent to France, Governor-General of Indochina Robin reported in more detail: "They were completely powerless, unable to do anything to prevent the expansion of the movement. The local authorities at all levels in the province were paralyzed, unable to name any leader, unable to rely on any help from the canton and commune authorities, giving people the feeling that they had lost all authority over the people they ruled. Fear paralyzed the mandarins, who locked their gates, hid in their houses and only cared about defending themselves. Every time the district chiefs and district chiefs went on patrol with the army or the local soldiers, they went with their bodies and limbs trembling."

Although there was no plan and no preparation for seizing power, when the colonial-feudal government in rural Nghe Tinh disintegrated and was paralyzed by the strong pressure of the masses, the Red Farmers' Association in the villages (Xa bo nong, in some places called Ban xa hoi) took on the management and operation functions as a real revolutionary government.

Economically, the Commune Department of Agriculture redistributed public land, money, and public rice to the peasants, and stopped paying taxes to the colonial government. Thousands of hectares of public land that had been illegally occupied by the local mandarins were confiscated and redistributed to the villagers. The Commune Department of Agriculture also forced the local mandarins to return to the people the tax money they had collected, forced creditors to postpone debts, and forced landowners to reduce rent by 25% to 30%. The revolutionary government also paid great attention to consolidating the irrigation system, organizing dam construction, digging ditches, and pumping water to fight drought. In some "red villages", such as Thuong Tho village (Thanh Chuong, Nghe An) and Phu Viet (Cam Xuyen, Ha Tinh), the Commune Department of Agriculture took public land to organize collective production for farmers in the form of cooperatives: common plowing, harvesting, and distribution according to working days, with public funds allocated for common purposes. Some other places consolidated and established more plowing, planting, and roofing wards to support each other in daily life.

Politically, the colonial-feudal government had collapsed. The Xa Bo Nong declared the abolition of not only the laws of the colonial state and the Southern Dynasty, but also the laws and customs in the countryside. For the first time in history, the entire traditional political institution along with the hierarchy system and many discriminations were abolished and replaced by a new socio-political order created by the masses and wholeheartedly supported by the people. The revolutionary government implemented measures to ensure freedom, democracy and equality for villagers, such as freedom to go to school, gender equality in marriage and in all social and family affairs. Red self-defense teams were established to suppress counter-revolutionaries and protect security in the village. At the same time, the Xa Bo Nong also stood up to reconcile or judge disputes and lawsuits in the village.

The field of work that the Commune Agriculture Committee and the Party organizations in rural Nghe Tinh pay special attention to is to strengthen propaganda, raise political awareness for the masses, and at the same time develop revolutionary forces. During the day, in addition to reorganizing production activities, the peasant masses are mobilized to participate in dozens of rallies and demonstrations. In the evening, villagers gather at the village communal house to listen to Party and Commune Agriculture Committee cadres read newspapers and explain the policies of the new government now called the Soviet or Socialist. The vast majority of villagers are mobilized and encouraged to join revolutionary organizations and associations such as the Red Peasant Association, Women's Liberation Association, Communist Youth, etc. The Red Peasant Association is the organization that the most villagers voluntarily participate in. A source of information says: "To organize a farmers' association, all you have to do is beat the communal house drum and invite the villagers to attend. The mobilization committee reads and explains the regulations. Any villagers who agree just raise their hands to join. Then, in a moment, the farmers' association is established and the executive committee gets to work right away."

Under favorable conditions, when the revolutionary movement reached its peak, the revolutionary forces also developed very rapidly. In early 1930, in Nghe Tinh, the Communist Party of Vietnam had only about 300 members and over 1,000 masses organized in the Red Trade Union and the Red Peasant Association. By the end of 1930, the Nghe An Party Committee alone had 188 branches with 2,011 members. The Red Peasant Association alone attracted 48,484 members, and the Red Trade Union had 399 participants. In addition, the Communist Youth Union had 2,356 members, and the Women's Liberation Association had 8,648 members.

In terms of culture, the revolution has truly brought a new, healthier, more progressive life in the "red villages". Many bad customs that have existed for thousands of years in the villages have been abolished. Even social evils such as theft, opium smoking, gambling, fortune telling, ghost worship, meat-making, festivals, etc. have been abolished or automatically disappeared. Weddings, death anniversaries, funerals and even the Lunar New Year are organized in a new, simple, less expensive and less troublesome way. The Women's Union established maternity groups to help each other during childbirth. Especially in the "red villages", the Commune Department of Agriculture organized many free national language classes for villagers. The atmosphere in the villages with revolutionary governments was excited, enthusiastic, joyful and full of confidence to the point of romanticism: "A common noun at that time was the word "society". Many people forgot about work, believing that the revolution was about to succeed, everything would belong to society"...