Biogas pit construction technology
(Baonghean)One of the most popular technical measures to treat and manage livestock waste is to build a biogas system.
If the above amount of waste is used to produce biogas, it will produce 538,844,400m3 of biogas per year, equivalent to 393,356,412 liters of gasoline, 3,340,835,280kWh of electricity or 2,216,806 tons of firewood (about 1,705,235.385m3 of wood). Not to mention that Nghe An also has a large output of plants and agricultural waste that can be used to produce biogas of good quality.
Biogas (also known as KSH, swamp gas), is a combustible gas mixture that releases high heat when burned, produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste. Therefore, we can build a system to decompose manure, compost and other organic fertilizers to collect biogas for household cooking. Making biogas is a modern, low-cost and highly effective waste treatment method. Building a biogas system also brings many benefits:
Biogas lamp.Photo: CS
- Protecting the ecological environment, improving environmental hygiene: Fixing waste: complex organic substances transformed into inorganic substances will cause less pollution to the soil environment or water sources if discharged; killing some pathogens in the output waste; does not cause bad odors, less attractive to flies and insects, creating a friendly relationship between livestock households and non-livestock households; ensuring barn hygiene; livestock and poultry are less susceptible to disease; using gas for cooking will eliminate smoke and dust, limiting heat. This will limit eye and respiratory diseases, improving the health of users.
- Increase economic benefits: The output waste is a valuable, nutritious source of fertilizer, used to fertilize plants, raise fish... According to research, if this fertilizer is applied, it will limit some pests and weeds. Therefore, it helps save more on pesticide and herbicide costs.
- Create an on-site energy source for farmers: provide gas instead of firewood, straw, oil or electricity, saving time searching for fuel. Using a gas stove is clean, convenient, and quite efficient.
Currently, in our country, many types of biogas tanks are being applied, the most popular being biogas technology in the style of China, India and Vietnam.
Second is the floating cover biogas tank (India) which has a compact structure, occupies less construction area, but because the cost is higher than other types of tanks, the number of installations is still modest. In addition, the floating cover is quite heavy and easy to rust, so only a few establishments design and build it.
The third type is more popular is the nylon polyethylene (PE) biogas bag. This type of bag has easy installation technique, low cost, simple operation, easy repair, no need for high skills. The disadvantage to note is that the biogas bag needs to be protected from sunlight and mechanical impact that can tear it.
The fourth type is also quite popular, the composite biogas tank, built with high-quality plastic fibers, through manual technology or molds using high-tech hot air compressors from China, meeting technical requirements, simple design, compact, high gas generation efficiency, easy installation and operation.
The fifth type is the HDPE plastic-covered biogas tank, mainly used in large, concentrated livestock farms. This type of plastic has a long life and durability (10 - 15 years). Although the investment is expensive, the cost per unit volume of the gas tank is very cheap, simple to operate, easy to maintain, and provides a large amount of gas for generator operation.
Among them, Composite tunnels are considered to have many advantages and are used more by people.
Thuy Duong
