Party Congress II: Resistance, nation building

2nd PARTY CONGRESS

Time:11/2 to 19/2/1951

Location:Vinh Quang Commune (now Kim Binh Commune), Chiem Hoa District, Tuyen Quang Province

Number of delegates attending the Congress:158 official delegates, 53 alternate delegates

Number of party members in the country:more than 760 thousand

Congress elected:

- Party Chairman:ComradeHo Chi Minh

- General Secretary:ComradeTruong Chinh

- Central Executive Committee:19 official members and 10 alternate members

- Politburo:7 Official Members and 1 Alternate Member (elected at the 1st Conference)

GENERAL CONTEXT:

Since 1950, the revolutionary movement in the world has developed strongly. The socialist system formed after World War II (1939-1945) has been consolidated and strengthened in all aspects.

The national liberation movement continued to grow.

The world peace movement became a widespread mass movement.

The world formed a "bipolar order", in which the US and the Soviet Union divided the widest sphere of influence.

The United States and Western countries launched the “Cold War” against the socialist bloc. The world witnessed an arms race between the great powers, especially between the Soviet Union and the United States.

In Indochina, the US increased aid to France and its puppet army, deeply intervened in the war of aggression, and was ready to replace French colonialists.

Our people's resistance war against French colonialism had comprehensive development, receiving the sympathy, support and active assistance of the socialist bloc. Especially after the 1950 Border victory, the resistance war entered a new phase, the phase of counter-attack and attack.

RESISTANCE, NATIONAL BUILDING

Based on the practical requirements of the resistance organization of the three Indochinese nations, the Congress decided to separate the Indochinese Communist Party to establish in each country of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia a separate party with a platform suitable to the characteristics of each country. In Vietnam, the Congress decided to establish the Vietnam Workers' Party. The Congress studied and discussed the Political Report, the Report on the Vietnamese Revolution, the Report on the Party's Organization and Statute, and supplementary reports on the National United Front, the People's Democratic Government, the People's Army, Finance and Economy, and People's Arts and Literature.

The political report presented by President Ho Chi Minh summarized the Party's rich experiences in more than 20 years of leading the revolution, outlining directions and tasks to bring the resistance to complete victory. The report affirmed that the Party's line of a comprehensive, long-term, all-people resistance for independence, unification and democracy was correct, and that our people's resistance against French colonialism and American intervention would certainly be victorious. The report stated the two main tasks of the Party at this time:

+ Bring the resistance to complete victory.

+ Vietnam Workers' Party Organization.

The congress summarized the resistance war against French colonialism and perfected the people's national democratic revolutionary line.

The Congress decided to bring the Party into public operation under the name of the Vietnam Workers' Party, and approved the Party Platform, Statutes and Manifesto. The Congress decided to establish revolutionary organizations suitable to the conditions of Laos and Cambodia. The Vietnam Workers' Party has the obligation to help the Lao and Cambodian revolutionary organizations lead the resistance of those two peoples to final victory.

The Party Central Committee elected by the Congress consisted of 29 comrades. Comrade Ho Chi Minh was elected as Party Chairman. The Politburo elected by the Central Committee consisted of 7 official members: Comrade Ho Chi Minh, Truong Chinh, Le Duan, Pham Van Dong, Vo Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Hoang Quoc Viet, and an alternate member, Comrade Le Van Luong. Comrade Truong Chinh was re-elected as General Secretary of the Party Central Committee.

The Second Congress of the Party was a major historical event, marking a new step of maturity in the Party's ideology and political line. The Party went from secret to public activities under the name of the Vietnam Workers' Party, meeting the requirements of revolutionary development.

DOMESTIC EVENTS

In early 1950, the Saigon people's struggle movement against American intervention took place strongly, in which:

9/1/1950: More than 3,000 students in Saigon - Cho Lon took to the streets to protest against imperialism and its lackeys; In February 1950, the first National Congress of the Vietnam Youth Federation in Viet Bac decided to make January 9 every year the Traditional Day of Students.

19/3/1950:More than 300,000 people in Saigon-Gia Dinh protested against American warships docking at Saigon port.

14/1/1950:The Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued a statement on its foreign policy. From here, socialist countries successively recognized and established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam: China (January 18, 1950), the Soviet Union (January 30, 1950), the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (January 31, 1950), Czechoslovakia (February 2, 1950), the German Democratic Republic (February 2, 1950)...

19/1/1950:President Ho Chi Minh visited China and the Soviet Union to seek international support and aid for the resistance war against French colonialism.

1September 6, 1950 to October 17, 1950:We launched the Border Campaign and won a great victory, "breaking the siege" and opening a new turning point in the development of the resistance war against France.

December 1950:Backed by the American empire, the French colonialists sent General De Lattre de Tassigny to serve as High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the French army in Indochina, and proposed a new plan for an aggressive war.

March 3 to 7, 1951: The National Congress unified the Viet Minh and Lien Viet into the Vietnam National United Front (abbreviated as the Lien Viet Front).

March 11, 1951: Nhan Dan Newspaper published its first issue.

March 11, 1951: Establishment of the People's Alliance of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

March 3, 1951: The Vietnam Workers' Party was introduced to the nation. President Ho Chi Minh gave a speech.

May 6, 1951: Establishment of the National Bank of Vietnam.

1951-1953: The Party Central Committee perfected the people's national democratic revolutionary line, deciding on many specific issues to promote the resistance war against the French colonialists.

INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

26/1/1950: India declares republic

14/2/1950:Signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance: The treaty is valid for 30 years.

April 1950:The Cambodian National United Front Committee and the Central Committee for the Liberation of Cambodia were established. On August 13, 1950, the Lao Resistance Government was established, marking a new development step of the Indochina revolution.

25/6/1950:War between the two Koreas broke out.

27/6/1950:US President H. Truman announced increased military aid to France in the war in Vietnam, including sending military advisors and providing weapons.

November 1950:The Second World Peace Conference (held in Warsaw, Poland). The conference passed a resolution demanding that imperialism end its war of aggression in Vietnam and Korea. The Vietnamese government sent a delegation to attend the conference.

23/12/1950: The US pressured France to sign the Five-Party Defense Treaty, including the US, France and three puppet governments in Indochina, paving the way for the US to directly intervene in the Indochina war.

June 28, 1951: Founding of the Cambodian People's Party.

September 4-8, 1951: The San Francisco Conference (USA) was held, with representatives of 51 countries attending to discuss ending the war in Asia-Pacific and opening relations with post-war Japan.

+ At this Conference, the head of the Vietnamese delegation, Tran Van Huu, affirmed the long-standing sovereignty of the Vietnamese state over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos without encountering any objections from the remaining 50 participating countries. That event proved that the San Francisco Conference tacitly recognized Vietnam's sovereignty over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa archipelagos.

+ September 8, 1951: The United States and Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Japan-US Security Treaty.