First Party Congress: Against Imperialism, Against War
The First National Congress of the Party set forth three important tasks: leading the entire nation in the fight against imperialism and war. The First Party Congress lasted a long time, and Comrade Truong Chinh, after his term as General Secretary (1941-1951), was re-elected by the Central Committee of the Party in 1986 to continue serving as General Secretary, replacing Comrade Le Duan, who passed away on July 10, 1986.
FIRST PARTY CONGRESS
Time:March 27-31, 1935
Location:Macau, China
Number of party members in the country: 600
Number of delegates attending the Congress: 13
The congress elected:
- Central Executive Committee: consists of 9 full members and 4 alternate members.
- General Secretary: ComradeLe Hong Phong
GENERAL CONTEXT:
The international communist and workers' movement continued to develop in favor of the struggles of colonial peoples.
The tremendous achievements in all aspects of socialist construction in the Soviet Union had a profound impact on the revolutionary movements in colonial countries.
Capitalist countries sought to overcome the crisis through two fundamentally different paths: fascistizing their political regimes and aggressively preparing for war (Germany, Italy, Japan) and implementing socio-economic reforms (England, France, the United States). Fascism was a threat to world peace and security.
In Indochina, the workers' struggle movement gradually revived. People from all walks of life in urban and rural areas participated in the struggle in various forms, such as student strikes, merchant boycotts, and peasant protests against taxes.
Party organizations gradually recovered after the white terror.
ANTI-IMPERIALISM, ANTI-WAR
The First Congress of the Party assessed the world and domestic situation, highlighting the successes of the Soviet Union and the revolutionary movements of working people in many countries around the world, affirming that socialism is a historical necessity.
The Congress noted that the Party's organizational system had been restored and the revolutionary movement had progressed. The mass struggles over the past two years had achieved victories to varying degrees.
The Congress outlined three main tasks for the Party in the immediate future:
+ Strengthening and developing the Party;
+ Win over the broad masses of the people;
+ Opposing imperialist war.
For the first time, the Congress issued a series of extremely important resolutions to mobilize forces and build mass movements: resolutions on mobilizing workers, farmers, soldiers, women, and youth; on anti-imperialist alliance work; on work among ethnic minorities; and on the Red Cross self-defense and relief teams.
The Congress adopted the Party Charter and the charters of the Party's mass organizations.
The Congress elected the Central Executive Committee of the Party. Comrade Nguyen Ai Quoc was appointed as the Party's representative to the Communist International. Comrade Le Hong Phong was elected General Secretary of the Party. In July 1936, Comrade Ha Huy Tap was appointed General Secretary of the Party. In March 1938, Comrade Nguyen Van Cu was appointed General Secretary. In May 1941, the Central Executive Committee meeting at Pac Bo (Cao Bang) elected Comrade Truong Chinh as General Secretary.
The First Congress of the Party was a significant historical event, marking the victory of the struggle to protect and restore the Party's organizational system from the central to local levels, unifying the revolutionary movement under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, and creating conditions for the revolutionary movement to enter a new period of struggle.
DOMESTIC EVENTS
1931-1935: In Northern Vietnam, there were 551 workers' struggles.
1934: The Indochinese Communist Party established an Overseas Command Committee headed by Comrade Le Hong Phong.
Late 1934 and early 1935The Party Committees of Southern, Central, and Northern Vietnam were successively re-established.
1934:Comrade Nguyen Ai Quoc went to the Soviet Union to study at the Lenin International School.
1935:During the anniversaries of the Party's founding and International Labor Day, in many provinces and cities, red flags with the hammer and sickle appeared, along with leaflets demanding higher wages, shorter working hours, the abolition of taxes, support for the Soviet Union, and the overthrow of French imperialism…
INTERNATIONAL EVENT
30/1/1933:Hitler (the leader of the Nazi party) became Chancellor of Germany, ushering in a dark period for Germany.
1934: The Soviet Union joined the League of Nations.
7/1934:The Socialist Party and the French Communist Party formed a united front against fascism in France.
July 25th to August 20th, 1935:The Seventh Congress of the Communist International, held in the Soviet Union, identified the immediate enemy, the tasks of the struggle, and decided to establish a broad people's front against fascism and war, demanding freedom, democracy, and peace. The Indochinese Communist Party delegation, led by Comrade Le Hong Phong, participated along with 65 other Communist Party delegations from around the world. Leader Nguyen Ai Quoc, who was studying at the Lenin International School at the time, was invited to attend.
10/1935: The fascist Italian government, led by Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia.
