Signs of ovarian failure

The ovaries are the most important reproductive organs in women, producing both sex hormones and eggs for reproduction. Typically, a woman at puberty has 300,000-400,000 eggs. Through monthly menstrual cycles, the number of eggs and ovarian follicles gradually decreases and usually "hits bottom" around the age of 45-50, when women enter menopause.

Numerous studies worldwide indicate that approximately 9-24% of cases requiring assisted reproductive technology are due to ovarian failure. While there are no official statistics in Vietnam, the number of young patients seeking treatment and being diagnosed with ovarian failure is increasing. In cases of premature ovarian failure, some women experience menopause within 1-2 years, while others are fortunate enough to prolong it for several years.

According to Dr. Nguyen Phuc Hoan from Hanoi Medical University Hospital, scientists have yet to determine the exact cause of ovarian failure in young people. Recent studies have found it to be related to family history. Additionally, patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer may also experience ovarian failure, as may those who abuse alcohol and tobacco, or experience prolonged stress.

Science has not yet found a cure or treatment for premature ovarian failure. The only way to conceive is through assisted reproductive technology as early as possible, before the last remaining eggs age and deteriorate.

According to Dr. Ho Van Thang, a specialist at the Hanoi Andrology and Infertility Hospital, premature ovarian failure often presents with symptoms similar to those experienced by women entering perimenopause, with typical signs including:

- Menstrual disorders: Gradually decreasing menstruation, infrequent or irregular periods, or even amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).

- Reduced libido, vaginal dryness.

- Vasomotor disorders: Hot flashes, facial flushing, or night sweats.

- Other symptoms include urinary disorders, osteoporosis, difficulty concentrating, irritability, etc.

However, there are cases of ovarian failure that develop very slowly, without any symptoms, and patients only discover it during examinations due to infertility.

To prevent premature ovarian failure, women should:

- Undergo gynecological and reproductive health checkups as soon as any abnormalities appear, or periodically every 6 months, to screen for, detect, and treat early any diseases affecting ovarian function.

- Maintain good genital hygiene and use methods to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. When gynecological infections occur, they should be treated thoroughly to avoid recurrence.

- Limit or avoid exposure to toxic chemicals and radiation.

- Avoid abusing stimulants such as alcohol, tobacco, coffee, cocaine, and other addictive substances.

- Maintain a balanced and scientific lifestyle and work schedule, minimizing excessive stress and pressure, especially avoiding prolonged psychological stress.

- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy body weight.

- Maintain a nutritious, balanced, and varied diet. Eat plenty of green vegetables and fresh fruits, as these are rich in minerals and vitamins that boost the body's immune system. Also, drink plenty of water.

- Avoid abusing hormone medications of unknown origin or those not prescribed by a doctor.

Young women of reproductive age with ovarian conditions requiring surgery or preparing for cancer treatment should consult with a fertility specialist before proceeding with treatment.

If you notice any of the above unusual symptoms, you should see a doctor for timely advice and treatment.