Commercial eel farming techniques
In recent years, freshwater eel has become a water specialty with economic efficiency because it is easy to consume, has a high price, and has simple farming techniques and low costs, so many farmers have invested. Currently, there are two popular farming methods: farming in tanks and earthen ponds, depending on the specific conditions of the family.
1. Raising eels in tanks:
Cement tanks, composite tanks or tanks built on the basis of utilizing available cheap materials such as bamboo, plywood... are often built in a rectangular shape, the scale depends on the financial capacity of the household, usually 6 - 8 m long, 2.5 - 4 m wide and 1.6 - 2.2 m high. There is a small edge (10 cm) on the surface of the tank to prevent eels from escaping. For newly built cement tanks, soak in 100 g/m2 of alum, soak twice, twice a day, then rub with banana leaves, dry in the sun for 30 days, supply and drain water 3 - 4 times. Build the tank in a place with a clean water source, regular water supply, quiet construction location, proactive water supply and drainage, convenient transportation. The best place is a natural water source such as a river or stream, ensuring the water temperature is 25 - 27 0C, dissolved oxygen content of 5mg/l, pH 6.5 - 8, salinity not exceeding 5‰. In addition to the tank, there should be a water tank and water filter to change when necessary. It is necessary to pour a layer of soft clay mud about 20-30 cm for the eel to hide in when moving, the clay mud is disinfected with lime and salt, the dosage is 10kg of soil mixed with 100-150gr of salt and 50-100gr of lime powder.
The form of raising eels in cement tanks or wooden frames has the advantage of being easy to manage and cheap, suitable for household farming.
2. Raising in earthen ponds lined with tarpaulin:
Depending on the conditions of each family, the minimum area must be 20m2. Square or rectangular. The height must be from 08 - 1m, to maintain the water level of 0.3m. Design a drainage pipe at the bottom of the canvas, with a diameter of about 6 - 10cm. Use bamboo stakes to fix the outside of the canvas to keep the canvas firmly, ensuring the farming process. The bottom is covered with a layer of clay-mixed mud or clay-mixed meat (cultivated rice fields), add straw, grass, rotten banana tree trunks or nylon ropes tied into bunches, buried in the mud layer at the bottom to create suitable conditions for eels to hide. This mud layer should not contain sand or sharp debris. This layer of soil accounts for 1/3 - 1/2 of the pond area, the height of the soil layer is from 0.3 - 0.4m. Plant a little water hyacinth or have a net covering ½ of the pond surface to shade, reduce the temperature of the pond water and limit leaf fall. Surround the pond with nets or nylon walls to prevent pests from entering and prevent eels from escaping into the outside environment. After building the canvas, clean the pond and add water to the pond to reach 0.2 - 0.3 m. Check the environmental factors to ensure they are suitable for the eel's growth and then release the breed.
3. Breeding:
Select the breed with uniform size, bright color (dark yellow back, black dots), flexible, no scratches, injuries, loss of slime. The quality of the breed must be very good. The size of the breed ranges from 20 - 30 fish/kg. The stocking density ranges from 50 - 80 fish/m3. Before releasing the fish, disinfect the fish with a 2 - 3% salt solution for 5 - 10 minutes, 10 - 20g potassium permanganate/m3 for 15 - 30 minutes to eliminate parasites and disinfect wounds caused by grinding during the catching and transportation process. The breed is mainly exploited from natural sources, so there must be a tank for domestication, size classification and disease prevention before being put into commercial farming. The domestication tank should be placed in a cool and quiet place, away from direct sunlight. In the first 1 - 2 days, do not feed the eel to create conditions for adaptation to the captive environment. Stocking density 2 - 4 kg/m2. Change water 1 - 2 times/day. Stocking time is 5 - 7 days.
4. Feeding and management:
Food: Mainly trash fish, sea fish, worms, snails, frogs plus appropriate mineral salts, trace elements, and vitamins. If the food is trash fish, before feeding, disinfect with salt 0.5 kg salt/3 liters of water for 30 minutes, clean fresh trash fish, remove all organs, and cut into small pieces. To improve health, feed chopped fish of the appropriate bait size according to the size of the farmed eel or homemade food, steamed, cooled, mixed with 3g digestive enzymes/1kg food + vitamin C + squid oil to stimulate the eel to catch prey.
Feed the eels twice a day, early in the morning (6-7am) and late in the afternoon (6-7pm), mainly at night, the amount of food each day is 5-7% of the total weight of the fish. After about 3 to 4 hours of feeding, check the feeding tray again to see how well the eels eat the bait, thereby adjusting the amount of food accordingly for the next time.
Feeding tools are woven bamboo sieves (size 0.8m x 1m), smooth or mesh sieves placed 10 - 20cm above the water surface. Put all the food into the feeding sieve, floor density 70-100 m2 / sieve. Change the water every 2 - 3 days to create a clean environment for the eel to grow. It is recommended to use water from settling ponds treated with lime powder to limit disease. When raising, it is necessary to pay attention to the ability to provide water, water quality and other environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen content, water temperature, pH... to have appropriate technical measures. Clean the tank every 5 - 7 days and scrub the tank clean. Every day, collect waste and leftover food that settles at the bottom and discharge it out.
Once a month, separate the big and small eels to raise them separately so that they grow evenly and quickly; at the same time, change the layer of mud, straw, grass, and rotten banana stems to create a good environment for the eels to grow. Before sizing, let the eels fast for 1 day to let them excrete all the food in their stomachs. Use a smooth sieve to classify the eel sizes, use a net, not your hands to catch them.
Disease prevention for eels is very important, periodically every 10-15 days use lime powder with a dosage of 10-20 g/m3 mixed with water to prevent disease for eels. Stock at moderate density, avoid ponds and tanks from being polluted. Feed enough quantity and quality. Regularly supplement vitamin C to increase eel resistance and periodically mix garlic into food with a dosage of 4-5g/kg of food to prevent intestinal diseases. Monitor eel activities, promptly detect sick eels and isolate them for treatment.
5. Harvesting: After 3-4 months of raising, the eels reach commercial size, and we proceed to harvest. Before harvesting, let the eels fast for a day. For partial harvesting, use a trap and bait to catch them. At the end of the harvest, drain the water. The harvested eels are kept in clean water tanks with aeration, or staged to keep the eels healthy, able to withstand high density, convenient for transporting them live to the consumer market.
According to Internet - LY
;
Other news
- Purchased and temporarily stored more than 200,000 tons of rice(03/03/2013)
- Special priority for large sample fields(03/03/2013)
- How to prevent blast disease on spring rice(04/03/2013)
- Nghe An Agricultural Extension Marks 2012(04/03/2013)
- Watermelon Growing Techniques(04/03/2013)
- Farmers are still subjective about rice blast disease.(04/03/2013)
- Techniques for raising red snapper in earthen ponds(04/03/2013)
- Notes when raising white leg shrimp(05/03/2013)
- Some common diseases in snakehead fish and how to prevent them(06/03/2013)
- Techniques for raising goats(08/03/2013)
.
.
.
.
.
