Method of propagating mango by seed
There are many mango trees that grow from seeds without degenerating and the quality of the mango fruit is still guaranteed. Many of our mango varieties have multiple embryos in the seeds - called polyembryonic varieties. All embryos grow into trees. Most of these embryos are asexual embryos formed from the central embryo cells. Trees formed from asexual embryos retain the characteristics of the mother tree, as do grafted, grafted or cutting trees. There is only one tree that develops from a sexual embryo formed by the process of pollination and fertilization. This tree is easy to recognize because it is usually the ugliest, most stunted tree, so it is eliminated.
The method of propagating mango trees by asexual embryos is still preferred by many countries that grow a lot of mangoes. Because it not only does not lose the good characteristics of the mother tree, but also ensures the uniformity of the offspring and especially the tree lives for a very long time. In Punjab State (India), there is a mango tree that lives for a thousand years, its trunk circumference is nearly 13 m long, the canopy coverage is up to 3,000 m2.
Mangoes can be grafted onto trees of the same family as coc (also known as sau tay), cashew (also known as peach in the pit - Anacardium xcidenta L). They produce large fruits, small seeds, delicious flesh, but the trees are small and short-lived. In many countries, including ours, people still use muom, quéo or wild quéo trees also known as mac chai as rootstocks. The phenomenon of grafts not merging can also occur in some places. People think it is due to the influence of weather or soil. Be careful, you can try it before grafting on a large scale. It is best to use seeds of the mango varieties themselves to sow the rootstock. Choose varieties that grow well and have been grown for many years in your locality, then you don't have to worry about anything.
Mango grafting gives good results, high survival rate, depending on the skill or familiarity of each person with each method. In our opinion, the simplest grafting method is wedge grafting on a young rootstock tree. To do this, first take very fresh seeds from good mangoes, wash them, then sow them immediately. When the seedlings grow, plant them on a well-prepared bed, fertilize with compost at a density of 35 - 40 cm or plant them in pots or bags filled with good soil mixed with fertilizer, then care for the plants to grow normally.
When the tree is 40-50 cm tall, the leaves have turned from purple to green, the trunk is about 0.5 cm thick, then it can be grafted. Grafting cuttings are taken from branches with a diameter equivalent to the rootstock tree, about 1 year old, growing at the tip of the branch, the cuttings need to be 10-12 cm long, pick off all the leaves, put them in clean, wet cloth bags or put the cuttings' feet in a jar of water. Take enough to do it in 1-2 hours so that the cuttings do not dry out. When grafting, bevel both sides of the cuttings' feet to a thickness of about 1 cm. On the rootstock tree, also cut off the top above the position of the first true leaf, then split lengthwise in the middle about 1 cm further down.
Insert the grafted cuttings into the rootstock, wrap tightly with plastic tape. Then, use a plastic bag with one end tightly covering the cuttings and the graft, making a trellis to protect from the sun and rain. When the grafted cuttings sprout, remove the plastic bag to let the shoots grow. The shoots grow into a tree 75-80cm tall. The leaves turn green and can be planted. The grafting and planting season for mangoes should be avoided when it is too hot or cold, with a lot of rain.
According to rauhoaquavietnam.vn - LY
