Mango propagation method using seeds
Many mango trees grown from seeds do not degenerate, and the quality of the mangoes is still guaranteed. Many of our mango varieties have multiple embryos in their seeds – called polyembryonic varieties. These embryos all develop into trees. Most of these embryos are asexual, formed from embryonic cells. Trees formed from asexual embryos retain the characteristics of the mother tree, as do trees formed from grafts, cuttings, or layering. Only one tree develops from a sexual embryo through pollination and fertilization. This tree is easily identifiable because it is usually the weakest and most stunted, and should be discarded.
Mango propagation using plants grown from clonal embryos is still preferred in many mango-growing countries. This is because it not only preserves the desirable characteristics of the mother plant but also ensures uniformity of the seedlings and, importantly, results in very long-lived trees. In Punjab (India), there is a mango tree that has lived for a thousand years, with a trunk circumference of nearly 13 meters and a canopy covering an area of 3,000 square meters.
Mangoes can be grafted onto trees of the same family, such as the hog plum (also known as the sour plum) or the cashew tree (also known as the cashew nut tree – Anacardium xcidenta L). This results in larger fruits, smaller seeds, and tastier flesh, but the trees are smaller and have a shorter lifespan. In many countries, including Vietnam, people still use the Terminalia catappa tree or the wild Terminalia catappa tree as rootstock. The phenomenon of graft failure can also occur in some places. This is attributed to the influence of weather or soil. It's advisable to test grafting on a trial basis before mass production. It's best to use seeds from the mango variety itself to grow rootstock. Choose a vigorous variety that has been grown for many years in your local area to avoid any problems.
Mango grafting yields good results with a high survival rate, depending on the skill and familiarity of each individual with different methods. In our opinion, the simplest grafting method is wedge grafting on young rootstock. To do this, first take very fresh seeds from good mango fruits, wash them thoroughly, and sow them immediately. When the seedlings sprout, transplant them to well-prepared, fertilized beds at a density of 35-40 cm, or plant them in pots or bags filled with good soil mixed with fertilizer, and then care for them to grow normally.
When the plant is 40-50 cm tall, the leaves have changed from purplish to green, and the stem is about 0.5 cm thick, it is ready for grafting. Grafting scions are taken from branches with a diameter similar to the rootstock, aged about one year, growing at the tip of the branch. The scions should be 10-12 cm long, all leaves removed, and placed in clean, damp cloth bags or submerged in a jar of water. Use just enough scions for 1-2 hours to prevent them from drying out. When grafting, bevel both sides of the scion with a thickness of about 1 cm. On the rootstock, cut off the top above the first true leaf, then split the stem lengthwise down about 1 cm.
Insert the scion into the rootstock and wrap it tightly with plastic wrap. Then, cover the scion and graft with a sealed plastic bag, and create a shelter from sun and rain. When the scion sprouts, remove the plastic bag to allow the sprout to develop. When the sprout grows into a plant 75-80cm tall and the leaves turn green, it is ready to be planted. Avoid grafting and planting mango trees during periods of extreme heat, cold, or heavy rain.
According to rauhoaquavietnam.vn - LY
