Fertilizer production from straw
Straw should not be burned but can be decomposed quickly using biological products to become organic fertilizer to help protect the environment, a biological expert advised.
According to Dr. Tran Dinh Man, Deputy Director of the Institute of Biotechnology, with about 4 million hectares of rice fields, the amount of straw discharged annually is up to 76 million tons. This number is equivalent to 20 million tons of oil, if burned, it will waste organic matter that can be used as fertilizer.
Therefore, using straw properly not only helps improve the soil, increase economic efficiency in agricultural production but also limits environmental pollution. Organic fertilizer from straw contributes to increasing humus, supplementing nutrients, improving crop quality.
Dr. Man believes that biological products should be used to turn straw into good fertilizer for the fields. "Powdered biological products contain 12 to 15 types of microorganisms isolated in Vietnam, mainly actinomycetes and yeast strains capable of producing different enzymes to decompose organic matter in garbage and straw," the doctor said.
In biological preparations there are also microorganisms that can fight some plant diseases, and microorganisms that help plants grow well.
Regarding the implementation method, according to Dr. Man, after the harvest, farmers collect straw in the corner of the field, mix the preparation with water and NPK fertilizer and then water the straw. For every 1kg of preparation, mix with 1kg of NPK fertilizer, dissolve in water and water the straw. 1 ton of straw needs about 5-10kg of preparation, depending on how quickly or slowly the farmer wants the straw to decompose.
Then, cover the pile of straw with a normal plastic bag to keep the heat or cover the field with mud. After 20 days, the straw will decompose to create organic fertilizer that can be applied to the plants immediately. "When using this organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer will be reduced by more than 30%, rice yield will increase by 10-15% compared to fields that do not use it, the price of the product is very cheap, 13,000-15,000 VND/kg", Mr. Man said.
In addition, Dr. Man advised using straw to grow mushrooms, as building materials or as padding for transporting fragile goods. Straw is also used to produce pulp and biofuel.
Meanwhile, the practice of farmers burning straw after harvest is becoming more common. In Hanoi, earlier this week, many people witnessed the haze. This phenomenon has caused controversy among scientists, with some saying that the cause of the haze is farmers burning straw, while others say it is photochemical smog.
The widespread burning of straw after harvest has caused significant impacts on the environment and people’s health. According to experts, the smoke and dust from burning straw pollutes the air, causing great harm to human health. Children, the elderly, and people with respiratory and chronic diseases are most vulnerable.
According to VnExpress
