Create many high-yield, high-quality crop varieties

(Baonghean) - In the province, there are many establishments that breed industrial and fruit trees to ensure supply for specialized growing areas such as tea, oranges, tangerines, etc. However, to improve the productivity and quality of crops, businesses and seed production units need to innovate and create new varieties, contributing to increasing the economic efficiency of specialized growing areas of fruit trees and industrial trees.

In recent times, the Phu Quy Fruit and Industrial Tree Research Center has tested, introduced and selected many promising tree varieties. Among them, the late-ripening tangerine variety PQ1 was bred from the Cai Lay tangerine variety in Tien Giang province (the Department of Crop Production has issued Decision 480/QD-TT-CCN officially recognizing the PQ1 tangerine variety for production in the North Central provinces). Up to now, after 10 years of experimental planting, this tangerine variety has affirmed its economic efficiency. The initial testing area is about 1 hectare, divided into 2 testing areas in Nghia Dan, Thanh Nho - Thanh Chuong. Then continue the breeding process and intensive cultivation process of the PQ1 variety. The research and breeding process in recent times has shown that the PQ1 tangerine variety is very suitable for the soil and climate conditions of the Phu Quy basalt red soil area. Up to now, the PQ1 tangerine variety has been mass produced on an area of ​​nearly 400 hectares concentrated in Quy Hop, Thai Hoa Town, Nghia Dan, Tan Ky... The average yield is from 22-25 tons/ha, with an income of 500-600 million VND/ha/year. To meet market demand, the Center focuses on producing varieties for sale to the market each year, from 10,000 to 15,000 trees.

Developing passion fruit varieties in Tri Le - Que Phong.

From 2000-2006, the Center also implemented the project: "Research on technical measures for passion fruit seed production", creating a raw material area for Nghe An raw material processing industry. Through experimental steps such as asexual propagation by cuttings and grafting, finally choosing the more effective method of cuttings in greenhouse nurseries. By June 2011, the Center tested 2 hectares of passion fruit in Tri Le-Que Phong commune with very positive results, reaching 35-40 tons of passion fruit/ha/year.

Although the research on passion fruit varieties is still ongoing, it has initially brought about a breakthrough in productivity and quality. Mr. Lu Van Chien in Yen Son village - Tri Le said: "In 2009, my family planted about 30 passion fruit trees, initially the old variety had low productivity. In 2011, seeing the effectiveness of the new experimental variety, I invested in planting 1 hectare of passion fruit. In the first 9 months of 2014 alone, the income was nearly 200 million VND, the passion fruit is expected to yield over 30 tons/year, with a revenue of over 300 million VND/ha/year...".

In Quy Hop, Xuan Thanh Agricultural Company has been proactive in producing orange and tangerine varieties for many years in a row to serve specialized growing areas. Each year, the company supplies over 22,000 orange seedlings to people in the area. Through discussion, Mr. Hoang Minh - Director of the Company added: "Determining the land suitable for growing oranges, but initially having difficulty with varieties, the Company received technical assistance from the Institute of Agricultural Genetics and specialized agencies on fruit tree varieties. From having to buy seed pots to replicate the model, the Company has successfully built 4 greenhouse nurseries to produce grafted orange varieties V2, Van Du, Xa Doai...

In particular, the V2 orange variety (Valencia 2) was selected and bred by the Agricultural Genetics Institute. Immediately after being recognized, the V2 orange variety was planted for testing at the Company and became the "core tree" for high efficiency in yield and quality. The Company alone has planted 700 hectares of oranges, mainly the V2 variety". As one of the households growing the V2 orange variety, Mr. Duong Tan in Nghia Xuan commune (Quy Hop) said: "After observing that many households have become rich thanks to the late-ripening V2 orange, he also boldly invested in planting over 7 hectares, the orange variety was purchased at Xuan Thanh Agricultural Company. Currently, the orange garden is 2 years old and is growing quite well, hoping to bring in high income like other families...".

Regarding tea varieties, the province has been completely proactive in the source of tea varieties. The main tea variety production unit is currently Nghe An Tea Development Investment Company Limited. The company is investing in 8 high-tech tea nurseries, mainly using cutting technology with new LDP varieties. Tea cuttings not only retain the characteristics of the parent varieties but also shorten the growth time and have high productivity. Tea cuttings can be put into business after only 2 years, 3-year-old tea yields 3 tons/ha; 6-7-year-old tea yields 21 tons/ha and after 8-10 years can reach 28 tons/ha. Currently, the company is testing new tea varieties PH1, PH9... Mr. Ho Viet An - Director of the company said: "The area of ​​long-standing tea, low productivity, poor quality in the province is being replaced by new tea varieties with high productivity. Currently, over 7,000 hectares of tea in the whole province are basically replaced by new varieties".

As for sugarcane, the province is currently facing many difficulties, most of the sugarcane area uses old varieties with low productivity and quality. Some sugar factories have not yet organized a quality breeding system to provide seeds for new planting areas in the raw material area every year. The raw material areas of Song Lam Sugarcane Joint Stock Company and Song Con Sugarcane Joint Stock Company are currently using mainly old sugarcane varieties (Roc 10). To expand the area, many people take commercial sugarcane for breeding, leading to low productivity. Particularly, Song Con Sugarcane Company currently has a nursery system in Tan Long commune (Tan Ky), currently testing some new sugarcane varieties imported from Thailand and China, but their superiority has not yet been confirmed, so they have not been widely propagated.

Assessing the proactive source of plant varieties in agricultural production, Mr. Nguyen Van Lap - Deputy Director of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development said: “Basically, the production facilities supplying industrial plant varieties and fruit trees in the area all ensure quality. Plant variety production facilities are all invested in modern greenhouse nurseries. The team of specialized staff and engineers are experienced and responsible, initially meeting the needs of propagating a number of industrial plants and fruit trees such as: tea branches, oranges, tangerines, grapefruits... However, there are still limitations such as the transfer and application of new varieties is too slow. Some units have not yet accessed new varieties from the root, leading to the situation that many specialized areas still have to use old varieties. To innovate this issue, the agricultural sector is actively encouraging businesses and seed production units to enhance their research capacity, apply hybridization technology, and produce new varieties with high yield and quality. From there, there will be a breakthrough in crop yield and quality. improve economic efficiency…”.

Article and photos:Van Truong