The important role of women in economic and social life
Women are not only half of the world, not only the "first teacher", but also play a major role in most economic, social and political fields.
Vice Chairwoman of the National Assembly Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan and female deputies of the 13th National Assembly - Photo: bienphong.com.vn
In the past, when honoring women, people often only mentioned increasing the proportion of women participating in the workforce, participating in social activities, management agencies, leaders of sectors, levels, businesses... When talking about teachers, most often also mentioned teachers who teach literacy, teach profession - that is, when people are 6 years old and up. However, learning to eat, learning to speak, learning to walk, learning to love, learning moral standards... of people, both men and women, is formed very early, from childhood, in the family, and the most important role is the mother, grandmother, sister.
The natural role of a wife and mother is given to women by nature, to be the first and foremost person who keeps the fire burning in the hearth of married life and family, and to be the “first teacher” of human beings. That is why the folklore has long passed down the teaching “Happiness and virtue come from the Mother”.
The first words that a baby babbles are “Mom”, “Grandma”, not only because they are easy to pronounce, but also because of the affection and closeness of the Grandmother, the Mother. Before children go to school, first Mother, then Grandma “holds their hand every step”. The Mother is also the one who accompanies, shares joys and sorrows with each step on the path of studying, working, getting married and moving up the path of the children.
If 50% is considered the average balance ratio of women in the total population, then the current female ratio in the total population in some fields is as follows:
The female ratio in Vietnam's total population in 1921 was 50.34%. Through many wars, the female ratio increased and peaked at 52.1% in 1975. Although it gradually decreased, in 2012 it was still around 50.5%.
Women account for nearly half of the country's total workforce and in some sectors and fields, the proportion is even higher than that of men. In the business sector, although women only account for 42.1%, in garment enterprises it is up to 81.5%, in foreign-invested enterprises it is 66.8%, in textile enterprises it is 60.8%, and in enterprises in the entire processing industry it is 57.5%.
In agriculture and rural areas as a whole, women, even the elderly, far outnumber men. In some social fields, women also account for a higher proportion than men, such as general teachers, high school students, and female vocational secondary school students.
The proportion of women in the total number of university, college, vocational secondary school teachers, university and college students, etc. has not yet exceeded the 50% mark, but the current results compared to a few decades ago and compared to many countries, are encouraging results.
The proportion of women in the total number of scientific and technical staff, in the leadership team of enterprises, in household and farm owners, in the leaders of the Party, State and organizations at all levels, although not much, has increased over time.
Much progress in gender equality
Women play such a great role and make such important contributions because, along with their efforts, women have always received special attention from the Party and State, reflected in correct and strategic policies and guidelines.
In April 2007, the Politburo issued Resolution 11-NQ/TU on “Women’s work in the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization of the country”. In July 2007, the Law on Gender Equality came into effect. This is an important legal basis and orientation towards promoting the implementation of the goals of the National Strategy for the Advancement of Vietnamese Women.
According to the General Statistics Office, Vietnam's gender-related development index reached 0.723, higher than the human development index (0.593) and ranked higher than the corresponding human development index rankings of other countries and territories (specifically: 3rd in the region compared to 7th, 11th in Asia compared to 36th, 81st in the world compared to 128th).
The main reason for this result is that Vietnamese women currently have a higher life expectancy than men (75 years compared to 71 years) and higher than the life expectancy of women in Southeast Asia (72 years), in Asia (71 years), and in the world (70 years). Vietnamese women's life expectancy is ranked 81st in the world. Some indicators related to reproductive health and the role of women in Vietnam have achieved positive results.
The birth rate decreased from 18.6‰ in 2005 to 16.9‰ in 2012. Correspondingly, the total fertility rate (children/woman) decreased from 2.11 to 1.99; the infant mortality rate decreased from 17.8‰ to 15.8‰; the under-5 mortality rate decreased from 26.6‰ to 23.8‰. The rate of women aged 15-49 giving birth to a third child decreased from 15.1% in 2010 to 14.2% in 2012.
Maternal mortality rate has decreased to a low level. The system of commune health stations, maternity homes, children's hospitals, and maternity hospitals was soon established and developed. The number of midwives increased from 14.2 thousand in 2000 to 27 thousand in 2010 and had the highest growth rate compared to medical staff... The index related to the role of women is quite good (0.554), the gender inequality index has decreased (0.305)...
According to Government-LY
