How to prevent common diseases in livestock during the rainy season

(Baonghean.vn) - During the rainy season, livestock are greatly affected by lack of food and disease. Therefore, livestock farmers need to know how to prevent common diseases in livestock during this time to avoid economic losses.

1. Bloating

Subjects with the disease:buffalo, cow, goat, sheep

Time of illness:The disease occurs year-round but is most common during the rainy season; around March - April and July - August of the lunar calendar. The disease is often acute and progresses rapidly; if not treated properly and promptly, livestock will die very quickly.

Reason

Due to food: Grass, young tree stems and leaves contain a lot of water, food exposed to rainwater, spoiled food, food that is too acidic to ferment, moldy, food containing mucus that produces gas bubbles; livestock eat too much starchy food that is easily fermented and produces gas (cassava, corn flour, etc.).

Sudden changes in temperature lead to digestive disorders due to gastrointestinal dysbiosis (the weather is hot, suddenly it rains and is cold for a long time)

During the rainy season, livestock are greatly affected by lack of food and disease.

Symptoms of the disease

Initially, the cattle had poor appetite, stopped eating, did not chew their cud, stood with their legs spread forward, foamed at the mouth, yawned and belched continuously.

The next symptoms are a tense abdomen, a swollen left flank, and a clear sound when tapped. Cattle have difficulty breathing due to compressed lungs and wide open nostrils.

The above symptoms occur one after another and very quickly within a few hours. If not treated promptly, the animal may die of suffocation.

How to prevent disease

During the rainy season, care must be taken to avoid water in the feed. Feed harvested in the rain must be dried before feeding to livestock. If the feed is too young, add dry straw or hay to reduce the water content in the feed.

Do not feed too much refined food, protein-rich food, or food containing mucus that can easily ferment and produce gas.

Don't graze livestock when it's raining.

2. Diarrhea syndrome

Reason:

The disease often occurs during the rainy season, causing pastures, grasslands, and barns to become polluted, creating conditions for pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites to develop, adhere to food, and enter the body through water sources, causing disease.

Because livestock eat dirty, spoiled food, food with too much protein, sudden changes in food lead to digestive disorders causing diarrhea.

The disease occurs at all ages but is more common in young cattle under 6 months old due to sensitivity to pathogens and sudden changes in environmental temperature.

Symptoms of the disease

Cattle eat little or stop eating, do not chew, drink a lot of water, then have diarrhea, initially the stool is just gray-green, gray-yellow liquid with a fishy smell, sick cattle become dehydrated quickly, skin wrinkled.

In cases where the disease is caused by parasites that damage the intestinal wall, causing bleeding and secondary infection, the animal passes mucus mixed with blood and mucous.

How to prevent disease

Periodically disinfect barns with disinfectants.

Periodically eliminate intestinal parasites with Vimectin and VimeFasci or Hanmectin twice a year, 6 months apart.

Wash and dry food before feeding it to livestock, and gradually get them used to the new food.

Cover the barn to protect it from cold, wind and rain.

3. Pasteurellosis

Reason

The disease is caused by the bacteria Pasteurella multocida, the source of infection is food, drinking water or waste from sick animals to healthy animals.

The disease can also arise from bacteria present in the digestive or respiratory tract of livestock when the weather changes suddenly. Weak livestock have reduced resistance, creating conditions for septicemia bacteria to develop and cause disease.

The disease occurs sporadically throughout the year and in all regions, but is most prevalent during the rainy season due to bacteria spreading through water and sticking to food.

Symptoms of the disease

The disease is usually acute in cattle, the incubation period is only 1 - 3 days, the animal has the following symptoms:

No chewing, fatigue, sudden high fever 40 - 42 0C; continuous watery eyes and nose; mucous membranes of eyes, mouth, nose, subcutaneous tissue have dark red hematoma; dark gray.

Some animals with intestinal disease show symptoms of severe diarrhea, bloody stools and sloughing intestinal cells.

If the disease is malignant or too acute, the fever suddenly rises to 420C, the patient becomes aggressive, crazy, bangs his head against the cage wall, and dies quickly within 24 hours.

Cattle that do not die will develop chronic enteritis, sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation, arthritis, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. Within a few weeks, cattle may recover but are often emaciated.

How to prevent disease

Annually, it is necessary to vaccinate against septicemia every 6 months and before the rainy season with one of the following vaccines: formalin and alum vaccine, emulsified vaccine, and attenuated vaccine.

Prepare enough food for livestock before the rainy season, take good care of livestock to ensure resistance to disease.

Periodically disinfect barns with disinfectants.

4. Swine fever

This is a dangerous infectious disease caused by a virus, spreading quickly and widely, the disease is characterized by sepsis and hemorrhage. The disease occurs in pigs of all ages with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Symptoms of the disease

Incubation period is 2-3 days and the disease usually occurs in 2 forms.

Acute form: pigs are lethargic, lazy to eat, and often find dark places to lie down. After 2-3 days of infection, they often have a high fever, lasting about 4-5 days. Sick pigs often breathe heavily, and in areas with thin skin (such as the snout, ear tips, legs, and around the ribs), separate red spots appear and then develop into large hemorrhagic patches. After that, these red spots turn purple and the skin peels off...

Pigs have unstable stools, initially constipated, and loose stools when body temperature drops rapidly below normal; in acute form, they often lose strength quickly and die after 3-6 days.

Swine fever is spread mainly through the digestive tract. The disease occurs year-round but is more common during the rainy season. Healthy pigs that eat the virus will develop the disease if they have not been vaccinated.

How to prevent disease

For swine fever, prevention by vaccination is the main method. For sows, vaccinate before mating; for piglets, vaccinate 20 days after giving birth and before weaning and selling.

Pigs should be vaccinated every 6 months. When pigs are suspected of having swine fever, they should be promptly reported to the local veterinarian for timely prevention measures.

Swine fever is caused by a virus; prevention is by vaccination. Sows are vaccinated before mating, piglets are vaccinated 20 days after giving birth and before weaning and selling.

5. Swine pasteurellosis

Reason

Caused by Pasteurella multocida, characterized by sepsis, hemorrhage, and respiratory disorders (mainly pneumonia). This disease is very dangerous for concentrated pig farms with high density.

In normal condition, pigs are rarely attacked by diseases, but when their resistance is reduced, pathogens will arise and cause disease.

Symptoms of the disease

The incubation period is from 1 to 5 days, pigs often have high fever, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, runny nose, red and purple spots appear on the ears, snout, abdomen and thin skin areas. Sometimes pigs walk in circles, cry loudly and tremble, foam at the mouth, and have convulsions in their legs. In the early stages of the disease, pigs often become constipated and then have diarrhea. If not treated promptly, pigs will die very quickly after 12 to 36 hours.

Swine septicemia often occurs sporadically, but sometimes the disease develops rapidly, creating an epidemic.

The disease often occurs at the beginning and end of the rainy season, occurring in pigs from 3 to 4 months old and after weaning.

How to prevent disease

Prevent disease with pasteurellosis vaccine, for sows, vaccinate before mating, for piglets, vaccinate when 40 - 45 days old.

After 8 - 14 days of injection, the vaccine will start to take effect and the disease prevention effect will last from 4 - 5 months. Therefore, vaccination should be done periodically every 4 - 5 months.

In addition to vaccination, it is necessary to pay attention to veterinary hygiene conditions (keep the barn dry and regularly disinfect the barn); take good care of pigs to improve their resistance to disease.

Highly effective only when detecting and treating sick pigs early. Most antibiotics currently used in veterinary medicine are strong against pathogens.

Ngoc Anh

(Synthetic)