Third Party Congress: Leading the people to overcome many challenges
From the 3rd to the 4th Congress (1960-1976), the country had to confront the largest and most brutal war of invasion by American imperialism while building and defending the socialist North.
3rd PARTY CONGRESS
Time:from September 5 to 10, 1960
Location:Hanoi capital
Number of delegates attending the congress: 525
Number of Party members in the country:over 500 thousand
Congress elected:
-Party Chairman: ComradeHo Chi Minh
-First Secretary: ComradeLe Duan.
-Central Party Executive Committee: 47 official members and 31 alternate members
-Politburo:11 official members and 2 alternate members
GENERAL CONTEXT:
- The world socialist system led by the Soviet Union has grown tremendously, has had a profound influence in international relations, plays a decisive role in maintaining world peace and security; and creates new advantages for the revolutionary movements of many countries.
- In Vietnam, the victory at Dien Bien Phu ended the French colonial war of aggression. The Geneva Accords were signed (July 21, 1954), and peace was restored in Indochina. The country was temporarily divided into two regions.
The North was completely liberated, entered the stage of socialist revolution and became a solid foundation for the struggle to unify the country.
In the South, our people's struggle against the invading American imperialists and their lackeys took place fiercely.
BUILDING SOCIALISM IN THE NORTH AND FIGHTING FOR COUNTRY REUNIFICATION
Based on the characteristics of the country being temporarily divided into two regions (the North was completely liberated, the South was still under the rule of imperialism and its lackeys), the Congress set out a general direction for the Vietnamese revolution: promoting the socialist revolution in the North, while promoting the people's national democratic revolution in the South to build a peaceful, unified, independent, democratic and prosperous Vietnam. The political report of the Party Central Committee at the Third National Congress clearly stated:
The two revolutionary tasks in the North and the South belong to two different strategies, each task aims to solve the specific requirements of each region in the context of the country being temporarily divided into two. However, the two tasks have a common immediate goal: to achieve peaceful reunification of the Fatherland.
The North is the common base of the whole country. The constant growth of the North not only enhances the confidence and encourages the revolutionary enthusiasm of the patriotic people in the South, but also makes the comparison of forces between revolution and counter-revolution throughout our country lean more towards the revolution, creating favorable conditions for the revolution in the South to develop strongly and gain final victory...
On the other hand, if we want the North to have peaceful conditions to build socialism, if we want to preserve peace in Indochina and the world, the South must resolutely fight against the US imperialists and their lackeys, defeat their policy of invasion and war, and overthrow their brutal rule. There is no other way.
For the socialist revolution in the North, the Congress approved the first 5-year State Plan (1961-1965) with the following basic tasks:
+ Strive to develop industry and agriculture, prioritize heavy industry, and comprehensively develop agriculture.
+ Complete the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce.
+ Improve people's cultural level
+ Improve the material and cultural life of working people
+ Strengthen national defense, enhance security and order, and protect the cause of building socialism in the North.
Congress passed
+ Resolution on the Party's tasks and policies in
+ Resolution on the Party's founding day
+ Party Charter (amended)
+ Appeal of the 3rd National Congress of the Vietnam Workers' Party.
The Congress elected a new Central Executive Committee consisting of 78 comrades, including 47 official members and 31 alternate members. Comrade Ho Chi Minh was elected to continue as Party Chairman; Comrade Le Duan was elected as First Secretary of the Party Central Executive Committee.
DOMESTIC EVENTS
- The uprising in Bac Ai (February 1959), Tra Bong (August 1959) spread throughout the South into the "Dong Khoi" movement, typically in Ben Tre (January 1960) breaking the stranglehold, gaining control in the villages and communes, shifting the revolution from a position of preserving forces to an offensive position.
- January 1, 1960: Promulgation of the 1959 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
- March 1960: The "long-haired army" appeared, born from the Dong Khoi movement in Ben Tre. The "long-haired army" brought the Vietnamese women's struggle movement to a new height.
- May 8, 1960: Election of the 2nd National Assembly. The person elected with the most votes was President Ho Chi Minh with 99.91% of the votes.
- December 20, 1960: The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam was born, advocating uniting the army and people to fight against the invading American imperialists and their lackeys.
- In 1961: The US imperialists implemented the "Special War" strategy to isolate the Southern revolution, separating our armed forces and bases from the people.
-February 15, 1961: Unified all armed forces to liberate the South into the Southern Liberation Army and placed under the general command of the Command of the Armed Forces to liberate the South of Vietnam.
- August 10, 1961: The US military began using Agent Orange in Vietnam.
INTERNATIONAL EVENTS
- September 2, 1960: The Cuban National Congress adopted the Havana Declaration stipulating the basic rights of citizens, defining the anti-imperialist line and uniting peoples to fight for freedom and peace.
- 1960: The Year of Africa - 17 African countries declared independence, marking the fundamental collapse of old colonialism.
- May 22, 1960: A 9.5 magnitude earthquake in Chile killed about 1,600 people and injured 3,000.
- September 1960: Establishment of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) with 13 members.
- December 1960: The United Nations issued a declaration on granting independence to colonial countries and peoples.
- January 20, 1961: Democrat John Kennedy is sworn in as President of the United States
- April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly into space.
- April 1961: Cuban army and people completely destroyed more than 1,500 mercenaries who were given the green light by the US to land on Hiron beach.
- August 12, 1961: The Berlin Wall was built, separating West Berlin from East Berlin.
