New technology today helps architects recreate complex structures in nature, typically the Lotus Temple in India or the spiral Helix Bridge in Singapore.
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| Beijing National Stadium (Beijing, China):Nicknamed the “Bird’s Nest,” the stadium was designed by Swiss architectural firm Herzog & de Meuron for the 2008 Olympics. Its bowl-shaped interior, roof, and staircases are integrated into the building’s grid-like spatial structure, formed by overlapping steel frames. Transparent membranes fill the gaps, resembling birds filling a nest. Photo: Xiaoyang Liu/Getty Images. |
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| Lotus Temple (New Delhi, India):Inspired by the shape of the lotus flower, architect Fariborz Sahba conceived of 27 petal-shaped marble blocks, arranged in groups of three, forming nine sides. The building materials were sourced from Mount Penteli in Greece, the same source as the Parthenon in Athens. The temple officially opened to the public in 1986. The central hall can accommodate up to 2,500 worshippers. Photo: Getty Images. |
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| Atomium Building (Brussels, Belgium):Originally built for the 1958 World Fair, the highlight of this unusual building, which stands over 100 metres tall, is its nine interconnected spheres. Engineer Andre Waterkeyn and architects Andre and Jean Polak modeled the building as a 165 billion-fold magnified iron crystal cube, to represent their belief in scientific progress. Today, the building serves as a museum and hosts exhibitions. Photo: Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Getty Images. |
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| Helix Bridge (Singapore):An international team of architects designed a pedestrian bridge spanning Marina Bay, connecting the hotel and shopping mall with the ArtScience Museum and Gardens by the Bay. The stainless steel bridge was inspired by the double-helix structure of DNA. Opened in 2010, the 280-meter-long structure has five viewing platforms for pedestrians to enjoy views of the city. Photo: Tuul & Bruno Morandi/Getty Images |
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| Sagrada Familia Basilica (Barcelona, Spain):Architect Antoni Gaudi took inspiration from nature to design this Roman Catholic church, depicting the relationship between humanity, nature and religion. The structure mimics the trunk and branching canopy of a tree, supporting a 46-meter-high dome, making visitors feel as if they are entering a giant forest. Photo: Getty Images. |
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| Aldar Building (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates):This circular skyscraper stands out in the desert of Abu Dhabi, built in 2010. Inspired by a clam shell, Marwan Zgheib and Lebanese firm MZ Architects designed the structure to pay tribute to the city's maritime heritage. The external grid system helps create the building's impressive curved glass. At around 110 meters (23 floors) high and located on a high peninsula, the building offers panoramic views of the city and the coastal area. Photo: Alluring World. |
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| Taipei 101 Tower (Taiwan, China):At around 510 metres (1,600 ft) tall, the 101-storey skyscraper was the tallest building in the world when it opened in 2004. Renowned architect CYLee modelled the building after a bamboo trunk with its symbolic segments. There are a total of eight segments, each consisting of eight floors – a lucky number in Chinese culture. The segments resemble both the shape of bamboo and the shape of Asian pagodas. Photo: Frank Heuer/Laif/Redux. |
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| Cube Houses (Rotterdam, Netherlands):Architect Piet Blom was inspired by forests when he designed these houses in the Netherlands in 1977. Each bright yellow cube is tilted 45 degrees and anchored to a hexagonal tower, representing a tree. The entrance to the house is located inside the concrete "trunk", with a staircase built into it. The house is private, but visitors can still visit. Photo: Brian George/Alamy Stock Photo. |
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| 30 St Mary Axe Building (London, UK):The building commonly known as the Gherkin was designed by the famous architect Norman Foster, inspired by the sea sponge that gave birth to Venus. The building's surface is made of diamond-shaped glass layers, arranged in a mesh pattern. With a height of 180 m, this building is a symbol of the British capital. Photo: Londontopia. |
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