Purebred wild boar breeding techniques

In recent years, in some provinces in the Southeast such as Binh Phuoc, Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City, there have been many landowners raising wild boars, some raising hundreds of them; and if we talk about the number of wild boars raised individually in the family as ornamental animals, it is also not small. Because of the demand and price of the market, it has attracted many investors.

I. Breeds and breed characteristics

Name: Wild boar is a wild pig breed that is being domesticated in Thailand and Vietnam. Wild boar, usually has two breed groups: Long-faced breed group and Short-faced breed group.



(Illustration: Nongnghiep)

Body shape:

The wild boar is well-proportioned, agile, and moves flexibly. It is a bit thin, has a long back, a slim belly, long, small legs, and sharp hooves, a long neck, a small head, a long, pointed snout, small, perky, and sensitive ears, a very sensitive and strong nose, and has brown, black, or dark gray fur. Each hair root has 3 tips. The hair along the back and neck is thicker, longer, and harder... The shoulders are usually higher than the buttocks, and the tail is small and short, only reaching the hock. The male has developed fangs, the female has 2 rows of breasts, each row has 5 developed and prominent nipples.

Growth, development and reproduction:

Wild boars usually give birth to two litters a year, each litter has 5-10 piglets, the first litter (first piglet) has 3-5 piglets, the next litter (second piglet) has more piglets (7-10 piglets). The average weight of newborn piglets is 0.5-0.9 kg/pig. Piglets have striped fur (yellow hair streaks running along the body on a black or brown skin background). When piglets are over 3 months old, these striped fur streaks disappear. The average weight when mature is 80-100 kg for males, 50-70 kg for females...

Wild boar 7-8 months old, weight 30-40 kg (females can be mated, male pigs can be mated 1-2 months later). Gestation period is the same as domestic pigs (about 114-115 days). Time to give birth (from first pig to last pig) 1-2 hours. The birthing process takes place naturally, without human help or intervention.

II. Breeding and mating

Select breed:

Choose those with a slim head, deep chest, broad body, active, straight back, compact belly, four strong legs, well-developed and functioning genitals. If possible, select through previous generations (lineage, parent breed, grandparents...), through the individual (appearance, adaptability, reproductive ability...) and through later generations.

Breeding and appropriate breeding time:

The estrus cycle of wild boars is 21 days, the estrus period lasts 3-5 days. The appropriate mating time is at the end of the 2nd day or the beginning of the 3rd day (depending on the breed and age), so it is necessary to monitor the signs of the sow in heat. When the vulva changes from bright pink to pale pink, has wrinkles and secretes a lot of mucus, the ears point forward, and there is a reflex to stand still (lethargy), this is the most appropriate mating time.

Ignore the first 1-2 heats, because the body is not yet complete, ovulation is low, mating and conception are not effective. When the sow shows signs of heat, let the boar come into contact with the sow. The boar will mate continuously, regardless of day or night until the sow no longer accepts. You can mate twice in the early morning and cool afternoon (or vice versa). After 21 days, if the sow does not return to heat, the sow may be pregnant.

III. Barns

The barn is very simple, however, you must understand some characteristics and habits of wild boars to arrange the barn. You should choose a high and well-drained place to raise them. The place should have a clean water source, not only providing enough water for the pigs to drink but more importantly, it will maintain a rich flora and keep the appropriate temperature for wild boars.

The barn should be as far away from residential areas and roads as possible. Their wild instincts have made them extremely alert and they will always run away in panic at the sound of a noise.

We can raise wild boars in free-range areas with trees and fences around them. The important thing is that the fence system must be very sturdy. We can surround the B40 nets in natural gardens with solid foundations (because wild boars often dig burrows), each garden is 50-100m2 wide (depending on land capacity), including a 20-30m2 wide pen to raise about 4-5 adult female pigs, they will live and reproduce directly in this area. Male pigs are raised separately, each in a garden, each garden is 40-50m2 wide, including a 5-10m2 wide pen. The pens have a roof to protect from rain and sun, are over 2.5m high, have a natural ground floor, and a slope of 2-3%... ensuring ventilation, cleanliness, coolness in summer, warmth in winter, avoiding heat, rain, drafts...

With the initial scale of raising 10 pigs (2 males/8 females), 3 breeding gardens are needed. Two breeding gardens for female pigs, each garden is 50-100m2 wide, including 2 pens, each pen is 20-30m2 wide. One breeding garden for male pigs is 40-50m2 wide, including a pen of 5-10m2 wide...

IV. Food and food rations

Including green roughage (grass, trees, sprouts, roots), refined food (cereals, tubers), mineral supplements such as ash, clay, licked stone mixture... In fact, wild boars often come to newly burned fields to find ash and clay to eat...

Normal wild boar feed ration: 70% is vegetables, tubers, fruits of all kinds (can be produced on the farm), 30% is bran, rice, cereals of all kinds, beer residue, soybean residue... Feeding twice a day (morning, afternoon), an adult hybrid pig consumes about 2-3 kg of all kinds of food.

Food for wild boars, provided by humans, can lack nutrients, especially protein, minerals and vitamins... so in addition to supplementing concentrated food rich in protein, salt, vitamins, it is necessary to supplement licking stones for wild boars to lick freely (note to keep in a dry, cool place). The mixture of licking stones supplemented with minerals can be purchased or mixed yourself in the ratio (100g of table salt; 100g of iron sulfate; 50g of copper sulfate; 100g of sulfur; 1,000g of slaked lime... enough clay for 3kg) for wild boars to lick freely, which only costs about 20-25 grams/pig/day.

Wild boar's food is mainly plants. Do not overuse nutritious food to feed wild boar because it will change the quality of wild boar meat and sometimes cause pigs to have digestive disorders causing diarrhea...

Pigs that eat fresh green food drink less water, however, there must be enough clean and cool water for pigs to drink freely. Every day, the barn must be cleaned, leftover food removed, and food and water troughs washed...

V. Care and nurturing

Boar:

It is important in raising the herd. Good management and care: 1 male pig can mate with 5-10 female pigs. Male breeding pigs must be raised separately and have a feeding regime, especially concentrated feed rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins. On the day of mating, you should supplement with concentrated feed rich in nutrients, 1-2 chicken eggs, mineral salts, and vitamins and feed freely.

Sow breed:

Wild boars are prolific breeders and good at raising their young (very good at raising their young). In the wild, the mother pig takes care of and raises her young and separates them when they are older.

Wild boars reproduce naturally all year round. The gestation period is also 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days (114-115 days) before giving birth.

For pregnant sows, in the first 2 months of pregnancy, feed them a normal diet of vegetables, tubers, fruits, grains, etc. You can supplement mixed concentrates, 15g of salt, 20g of minerals per day. After 2 months until giving birth, it is necessary to supplement concentrated feed rich in nutrients, especially protein, minerals, vitamins... On the day the pig gives birth, you can feed it thin porridge, little salt, and little green vegetables to prevent milk fever.

For nursing sows, the food ration must ensure quantity, quality and variety... When the piglets are 1.5-2 months old and can eat food provided by humans, the mother should be fed a normal diet. Do not mate sows in heat during the nursing period, because it is difficult to conceive or conceive but the quantity and quality of piglets born do not meet the requirements.

Piggy:

Piglets do not need to be assisted in giving birth or have their umbilical cords cut. After only about 30 minutes to 1 hour, they can stand up and suckle from their mother. After 15-20 days, they can run around and start eating grass and plants. When the piglets are 1.5-2 months old, they are strong and can eat food provided by humans. They are then weaned and separated from the herd for breeding.

Newborn piglets can reach 300-500 gr/pig, 1 month old 3-5 kg, 2 months old 8-10 kg, 6 months old 25-30 kg, 12 months old can reach 60-70% of adult weight. With normal raising and nutrition, after 6 months of raising, piglets can reach 25-30 kg and be sold for meat. For piglets to grow and develop well, conditions should be created for piglets to suckle colostrum as soon as possible, at the latest 1-2 hours after birth. Every day, piglets should be allowed to exercise and have close contact with humans.

VI. Veterinary work

Wild boar is a wild animal that has just been domesticated, so it has high resistance and few diseases. However, wild boar also often suffer from some diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, septicemia, foot and mouth disease, fluke disease, mange and some other common diseases...

Digestive diseases (such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, food poisoning...): When wild boars have some digestive diseases, you can use medicines to treat stomachache, bloating, flatulence, indigestion by drinking or injecting, or you can use 5-10 kg of wild coconut leaves for the pigs to eat, or you can supplement food and drink with bitter, astringent substances such as green guava, carrots, areca roots, coconut roots... to cure the disease. To prevent disease, food must be hygienic, nutritious, and you should not use rotten, moldy foods...

Mechanical injuries: For minor injuries, clean and apply antiseptic. For major injuries, clean and disinfect before and after suturing, inject synthetic antibiotics such as Ampicyline, Tetracycline or (Peniciline + Streptomycine)... Wild boar skin has the ability to regenerate quickly so it heals quickly.

Pneumonia: Pigs with pneumonia often have high fever, anorexia, and stop eating. Treatment with synthetic antibiotics.

Constipation: Can give laxatives or feed laxative foods...

Intestinal parasites: Pigs infected with intestinal parasites are often stunted, slow to grow, and have worm and tapeworm larvae in their feces. It is necessary to deworm pigs.

Skin parasites: Ticks, mites, scabies, flies, mosquitoes... stick to the skin to suck blood and transmit diseases rarely. Due to their wild nature, wild boars are not afraid of mosquitoes or other insects. However, when pigs are infected with skin parasites, we can use antiseptics applied or sprayed, both of which are effective. To prevent skin parasites, we should regularly clean and disinfect the barn and surrounding environment.
Value and market:

This breed of pig has the following advantages: The meat is very delicious, the skin is thin and crispy, lean, low fat, low cholesterol, very popular with consumers, so it sells for a high price... Low investment cost, low feed consumption, short raising time, easy to raise, good reproduction, high survival rate and few diseases.

According to the National Agricultural Extension Center - LY